BACKGROUND Branching morphogenesis transforms an epithelial sheet into a tubular network with distinct features regarding the length and diameter of individual tubes. Branching is controlled by several signaling pathways, but the molecular consequences of these pathways in the responding cells are poorly understood. RESULTS We have undertaken a detailed characterization of cell rearrangements...

Pyrimidoacridinetriones (PATs) are a new group of highly active antitumor compounds. It seems reasonable to assume that, like for some other acridine derivatives, intercalation into DNA is a necessary, however not a sufficient condition for antitumor activity of these compounds. Rational design of new compounds of this chemotype requires knowledge about the structure of the intercalation comple...

The intercalation of tetrabutylammonium (TBA) cations into graphite by cation exchange from a sodium-ethylenediamine graphite intercalation compound yields a single-phase first-stage product, C(44)TBA, with a gallery expansion of 0.47 nm. The gallery dimension requires an anisotropic "flattened" cation conformation.

The existence of partial melt is frequently invoked to explain geophysical anomalies such as low seismic wave velocity and high electrical conductivity. I review various experimental and theoretical studies to evaluate the plausibility of this explanation. In order for a partial melt model to work, not only the presence of melt, but also the presence of appropriate amount of melt needs to be ex...

Lithium intercalation and de-intercalation processes have been used to fabricate bulk Bi(2)Se(0.3)Te(2.7) with internal nanostructures. The doped Li content can be precisely controlled through this method. It provides a chance to directly optimize electrical properties when preparing nano-structured materials, leading to the optimum carrier concentration for improved thermoelectric figure of me...

Intercalation of cells is an evolutionarily conserved strategy used for a variety of developmental processes in animals. In this issue of Cell, Fu et al. have uncovered an elaborate Rho GTPase-mediated mechanism by which cytoskeletal-dependent intercalation of Arabidopsis leaf cells is achieved, suggesting that conserved Rho GTPase signaling pathways may similarly regulate tissue morphogenesis ...

Intercalation of Ba in β-FeSe by ammonothermal synthesis results in the formation of different superconducting phases with interlayer distance ranging between 8.4 and 13.1 Å. The values of Tc are primarily dependent on Ba content, and are further modulated by the interlayer spacing through facile intercalation and deintercalation of ammonia.

acrylamide was grafted in low density polyethylene during melt processing in the presence of a free radical initiator using a torque rheometer in a closed system. effects of processing time, acrylamide and benzoyl peroxide concentrations were studied. ftir studies revealed that the degree of grafting increased by an increase in acrylamide concentration. maximum grafting was obtained at 7 minute...

[1] The Greenland ice sheet has been the focus of much attention recently because of increasing melt in response to regional climate warming and can be studied using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) data. To improve our ability to measure surface melt, we use remote sensing data products to study surface and near-surface melt characteristi...

The intercalation of poly(allylamine) (PAA) into a synthetic fluoromica (Na-TSM) was studied in order to understand the subsquent process of gold nanoparticle intercalation into the interlayer galleries. The composition and structure of the PAA intercalation compound (PAA/Na-TSM) was strongly influenced by the pH of its synthesis. At pH 3.0, the fully protonated form of the polymer was intercal...