Cortical demyelination can be extensive in chronic multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Cortical lesions are not associated with lymphocyte infiltration, blood-brain barrier disruption, or complement deposition; therefore, their pathogenesis is unclear. We analyzed the extent and cellular composition of leptomeningeal inflammatory infiltrates and their relationship with cortical demyelinated lesio...

Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is associated with migraine pathophysiology, stroke recovery and vasospasm treatment. The potential vascular interplay of PDE5 inhibitors sildenafil, tadalafil and UK-114,542 was studied by intra- versus extra-luminal administration in rat middle cerebral arteries in vitro and on middle meningeal arteries in vivo. By Western blot PDE5 was detected in both cerebral and...

A human skull is described in which the middle meningeal artery probably arose bilaterally from the lacrimal artery. The branches of the middle meningeal vessels, however, were normal both in their position and distribution. This anomaly is a rare occurrence and is of neurosurgical importance.

Cortical spreading depression (CSD), a putative migraine trigger, has been shown recently to promote multiple activation patterns of meningeal nociceptors. In the current study we used a modified experimental approach in a rat model to: 1) reassess the responses of meningeal nociceptors following a single CSD episode, 2) examine factors that may influence the propensity of meningeal nociceptors...

To investigate the detection value of tumor cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the adjuvant diagnosis of meningeal metastasis from lung cancer by immunofluorescence in situ hybridization (immuno-FISH) technology. The circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the CSF of 16 patients with meningeal metastasis from lung cancer and 8 with non-tumor diseases in the brain were detected using immuno-FISH te...

BACKGROUND Meningeal melanomatosis is an extra-axial well-encapsulated malignant tumour with diffuse meningeal growth and dark coloration (due to high melanin contents), while meningeal melanocytoma is the focalized benign variant. Melanocytic lesions may be secondary to melanoma or be histologically benign, however, their diffuse nature makes them impossible to cure. Melanocytosis is a diffuse...

The expression and function of psoriasin in the brain have been insufficiently characterized. Here, we show the induction of psoriasin expression in the central nervous system (CNS) after bacterial and viral stimulation. We used a pneumococcal meningitis in vivo model that revealed S100A15 expression in astrocytes and meningeal cells. These results were confirmed by a cell-based in vivo assay u...

Primary melanoma, a highly aggressive malignancy, exhibits heterogeneity in biologic behaviors, clinical characteristics, metastasis potential and mortality. The present study sought to identify the molecular signatures that define a subgroup of primary melanomas with high risks of metastasis and mortality. First, we identified the markers that best differentiated metastatic melanomas from prim...