The article examines the relationship between state policy and commercial initiatives within institutions of ancien régime, namely consuls. By exploring case Swedish consulate in Naples mid eighteenth century, it addresses role private actors establishment consulates, authorities’ problems controlling consular network from a distance, not least because specificity local operational contexts. ch...

The homomorphic property of the public key cryptosystem has been exploited in order to achieve asymmetric fingerprinting such that only a buyer can obtain fingerprinted content. However, this requires many computations and a wide-band network channel because the entire uncompressed content must be encrypted based on the public key cryptosystem. In this paper, instead of the homomorphic property...

In 1958, Bank of America began operating the BankAmericard credit card system, the predecessor of Visa, as a unitary system. It performed both the issuing function (dealing with cardholders) and the acquiring function (dealing with merchants) itself. Similarly, it set the fees charged to both these customer classes—the annual fee, interest rate, late fees, and other fees charged to cardholders ...

This research is based on the policy given by central and local governments to stop face-to-face learning process during COVID-19 pandemic. It due prevent coronavirus contagion spread in exchange, remote conducted utilizing internet as one of supports. The objective discover significant effects use pandemic toward outcomes cadets Merchant Marine Polytechnic West Sumatera. Based data analysis th...

This manual describes the basic principles of the Military Grid Reference System and the nonstandard reference systems. It describes the method for determining references on maps and charts at scales of 1:1,000,000 and larger. It contains identifications for the grid zone designations and for the 100,000 meter squares of the Universal Transverse Mercator Grid and the Universal Polar Sterographi...

Aaqib Patel§, Fernando Reátegui del Águila†, Md. Zafar Ali Khan‡, Muhammad Ali Imran†, S. N. Merchant§, U. B. Desai‡ and Rahim Tafazolli† §Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076 Email: aaqib,[email protected] †Center for Communication Systems Research,University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK Email: f.reategui,m.imran,r.tafazoll...

In this paper we propose an anonymous mobile payment system based on a group blind signature scheme in order to prevent blackmailing. The message transfer from the customer to the merchant occurs only once during the payment protocol. Also, the amount of communication between customer and merchant is about 900 Bytes. Therefore, our mobile payment system can be used in the wireless networks with...