BACKGROUND/AIMS Electrophilic methyl groups bound to positively charged nitrogen moieties may act as electron acceptors, and this mechanism could lead to the generation of methane from choline. The aims were to characterize the methanogenic potential of phosphatidylcholine metabolites, and to define the in vivo relevance of this pathway in hypoxia-induced cellular responses. METHODS The postu...

Natural gas, composed mainly of methane, is in some ways similar to propane gas. Both fuels have similar energy densities per unit mass, and similar laminar premixed flame burning velocities. However, propane explosions have been shown to produce higher overpressures in unconfined explosion tests when compared to methane. In vapor cloud explosion modeling, methane is considered to be a “low” re...

We report the spatially resolved detection of methyl radicals in a methane-air flat flame, using degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM). A frequency-tripled dye laser pumped with a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser was used to access the Herzberg beta(1) band of methyl near 216 nm. Using a nearly phase-conjugate geometry, we detected methyl with high spatial resolution [0.2 mm (0.3 mm) vertical (horiz...

The rapid formation of tungsten oxide nanorods through electron beam (EB) irradiation on the surface of micron-sized flame formed tungsten-oxide fragments is reported. The micro-sized fragments (precursor material) were formed in a counter-flow methane diffusion flame on the surface of a tungsten wire. Nanorods of various lengths and aspect ratios were rapidly formed in the surrounding area of ...

The effect of a stabilized non-equilibrium gliding arc plasma discharge on the stabilization and extinction of nitrogen diluted, methane/air counterflow diffusion flames was investigated both experimentally and numerically. To quantify the effect, extinction limits and flame temperature profiles via Rayleigh scattering were measured, calculated and compared to numerical simulations using detail...

The Lagrangian Flamelet Model is formulated as a combustion model for large-eddy simulations of turbulent jet diffusion flames. The model is applied in a large-eddy simulation of a piloted partially premixed methane/air diffusion flame ~Sandia flame D!. The results of the simulation are compared to experimental data of the mean and RMS of the axial velocity and the mixture fraction and the unco...

We report on kilohertz-repetition-rate flame temperature measurements performed using blue diode lasers. Two-line atomic fluorescence was performed by using diode lasers emitting at around 410 and 451 nm to probe seeded atomic indium. At a repetition rate of 3.5 kHz our technique offers a precision of 1.5% at 2000 K in laminar methane/air flames. The spatial resolution is better than 150 microm...

A water mist jet for a steam generator of direct contact with a diffusion flame is numerically analyzed in this paper. Numerical simulation is conducted for an 8 Lug-Bolt array in a confined system. The diffusion flame is modelled in the Eulerian Eulerian multiphase approach where the reaction species are oxygen which is injected by a 16.9 mm central nozzle, methane by four peripheral 5.86 mm n...

In this paper we study the formation of NO in laminar, nitrogen diluted methane diffusion flames that are seeded with ammonia in the fuel stream. We have performed numerical simulations with detailed chemistry as well as laser-induced fluorescence imaging measurements for a range of ammonia injection rates. For comparison with the experimental data, synthetic LIF images are calculated based on ...