BACKGROUND DED rate maps from diverse regions may allow us to understand world-wide spreading pattern of the disease. Only few studies compared the prevalence of DED between geographical regions in non-spatial context. Therefore, we examined the spatial epidemiological pattern of DED prevalence in South Korea using a nationally representative sample. METHODS We analyzed 16,431 Korean adults a...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: R14 R52 Keywords: R14 Land use patterns R52 Land use and other regulations This paper expands empirical testing of the predictions of the standard monocentric urban model to examine the size of urban spatial expansion for all US metropolitan regions for the years 1980, 1990 and 2000. Until recently, the lack of temporally and spatially-consistently inte...

In the late 1960s Brazil began a process of metropolization, especially in its southern region. Migration has often been cited as one of the major reasons for the high rates of population growth in large urban areas, with most of the immigrants having come from the northeastern and southern regions of the country. This physical and demographic process has been a question of concern for various ...

now days, citizens safety in urban spaces is one of the most important worries of urban managers. this may be reflected in different characters of urban spaces such as physical, social and economical and even political characters. with regard to increasing crimes and complexities of urban spaces, trying for achieve to sustainable, healthy and good cities mean in providing the safety environment...

this paper explores the empirical evidence of the nature of intra-metropolitan supply linkages and industrial clustering and searches for the driving forces that enhances the learning processes and innovation capacities hence; contributing to competitive advantage within the tehran metropolitan. the research points to accelerating growth in the automotive sector since the late 1980s and early 1...

Which municipalities and locations within the United States contribute the most to household greenhouse gas emissions, and what is the effect of population density and suburbanization on emissions? Using national household surveys, we developed econometric models of demand for energy, transportation, food, goods, and services that were used to derive average household carbon footprints (HCF) fo...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate longitudinal changes of the utilization of operational and surgical medical care inside and outside a metropolitan area over 10 years, analyzing the residential areas of patients and the locations of medical facilities for major cardiovascular surgery. METHODS Data analysis was conducted by classifying the addresses of patients and the l...