This article presents the development of a multiresidue method for the estimation of 30 insecticides, 15 organochlorine insecticides and 6 organophosphorus insecticides, 9 synthetic pyrethriods and 2 herbicides and their quantification in vegetables. The monitoring study indicates that though all the vegetable samples were contaminated with pesticides, only 31% of the samples contained pesticid...

The mosquito-active protein crystals produced by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis contain covalently attached aminosugars which are critical for their larvicidal activity. The 50% lethal concentrations toward Aedes aegypti larvae were increased up to 10-fold by mild periodate treatment, up to 40-fold by forming the protein crystals in the presence of tunicamycin, and up to 7-fold by th...

217 Some of the technical and operational aspects of using motorised mistblowers on tropical crops such as cocoa are described. Mistblowers are often used in centrally coordinated control campaigns in Ghana, with these sprayers currently used for applying pyrethroid, neonicatinoid and remaining stocks of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides against cocoa mirids (Sahlbergella singularis a...

Plants display an immense diversity of specialized metabolites, many of which have been important to humanity as medicines, flavors, fragrances, pigments, insecticides and other fine chemicals. Apparently, much of the variation in plant specialized metabolism evolved through events of gene duplications followed by neo- or sub-functionalization. Most of the catalytic diversity of plant enzymes i...

Photorhabdus luminescens is a nematode-symbiotic, gram negative, bioluminescent bacterium, belonging to the family of Enterobacteriaceae. Recent studies show the importance of this bacterium as an alternative source of insecticides, as well as an emerging human pathogen. Various toxins have been identified and characterized in this bacterium. These toxins are classified into four major groups: ...

Expansive chemical-based vector control has resulted in development of vector resistance to different insecticides harnessed for prevention of disease transmission in public health. The environmentally safe insect growth regulators and microbial larvicides provide potential tools for insecticide resistance management. The efficacy and persistence of Dimilin GR-2% and Mosquiron 10 EC insect grow...

3-Methyldiphenylether (MDE) is an important alkyl-substituted diphenyl ether compound that is widely used as an intermediate in the synthesis of pyrethroid insecticides. An efficient MDE-degrading strain QY7-2, identified as Hydrogenophaga atypical, was isolated from activated sludge for the first time. Strain QY7-2 can utilize MDE as the sole carbon and energy source and completely mineralize ...

Nanoparticles are currently becoming one of the important parts for various segments. Much more process/application becomes effective or economical and time-saving because nanoparticles. Polymers with distinct characteristics widely used but nature-origin polymer has properties that make a polymeric material Many methods were successfully evaluated to prepare chitosan nanoparticles loading comp...

The response of adult females of the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus to six insecticides was evaluated. Adults were collected from two locations in the Amman area from May to October 1983. The F1 generation was exposed to paper-impregnated insecticides using WHO test kits. At both locations, the most toxic insecticides were permethrin, propoxur and ferpropathrin. Malathion, dieldrin and DDT wer...