Organohalide compounds such as chloroethenes, chloroethanes, and polychlorinated benzenes are among the most significant pollutants in the world. These compounds are often found in contamination plumes with other pollutants such as solvents, pesticides, and petroleum derivatives. Microbial bioremediation of contaminated sites, has become commonplace whereby key processes involved in bioremediat...

Abstract Background Recent concerns linked with the application of chemical pesticides and increasing necessity low inputs sustainable agriculture have put use microbial biocontrol agents bio-pesticides to forefront for their against plant pathogens insect–pest management. Results This review tended scrutinize prospects microbes-based nano-formulations diseases pest management emphasis on bacte...

Food losses, defined as a reduction in the quantity and quality of food during production storage, impact safety security. Losses caused by plant pathogens are among most significant. Chemical pesticides have been extensively used to prevent microbial diseases. Their toxicity reduced efficacy, however, encouraged investigators develop alternatives. Alternatives based on biopesticides tend be sa...

Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida) are often considered to be typical forestliving organisms, but they are regularly found in agroecosystems of the temperate regions of the world. Although less known than their larger relatives, the earthworms, these saprophagous organisms play similar roles in agricultural soils (but at a smaller scale), e.g., influencing soil structure and organic matter d...

Indigenious water microflora as well as the presence of metaland xenobiotic biotransforming bacteria were investigated in waters near the KCM Pb-Zn smelter, South Bulgaria. Content of As, Hg, Cd, Mn, Pb, Cu and Zn exceeded in times the maximum permission standart. Absence of some microbial groups demonstrated a change in the microbial community structure in the region. Ecotoxicology test ISO/DI...

Loss of pesticide efficacy resulting from enhanced rates of microbial degradation has been observed with several pesticides including the insecticide carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate). Soils in which this phenomenon occurs are often referred to as "problem soils." Several previous studies have documented the temporal aspects of the conversion of a nonproblem s...

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and its insecticidal toxins are widely exploited in microbial biopesticides and genetically modified crops. Its population biology is, however, poorly understood. Important issues for the safe, sustainable exploitation of Bt include understanding how selection maintains expression of insecticidal toxins in nature, whether entomopathogenic Bt is ecologically distinct ...

A multitude of insects and mites attack fruit crops throughout the tropics. The traditional method for controlling most of these pests is the application of chemical pesticides. Growing concern on the negative environmental effects has encouraged the development of alternatives. Inundatively and inoculatively applied microbial control agents (virus, bacteria, fungi, and entomopathogenic nematod...

The discovery that microbes produce antibiotic compounds that kill or inhibit other microbes revolutionized modern medicine by offering a means to treat microbial infections. Thus, the “golden age” of antibiotic discovery began when hundreds of antibiotics from diverse microbial genera were characterized for their effıcacy in controlling pathogens and the infections they cause. When used at sub...

Soil microorganisms have a primary catabolic role in the environment through degradation of plant and animal residues. The activities of microorganisms in soil are thus, essential to the global cycling of nutrients. As these pesticides are designed to be biologically active, their continuous use might affect soil microflora either by changing their properties or their numbers, which may lead to...