BACKGROUND Colour-marking polymorphism is widely distributed among cryptic species. To account for the adaptive significance of such polymorphisms, several hypotheses have been proposed to date. Although these hypotheses argue over the degree of camouflage effects of marking morphs (and the interactions between morphs and their microhabitat backgrounds), as far as we know, most empirical eviden...

Transplanting has been widely used in American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) cultivation Northwest China to mitigate the negative effects of continuous cropping obstacles. Because accumulation pathogenic microorganisms and change soil properties, transplanting newly cultivated fields after two years growth become a major planting pattern. Despite improving quality ginseng, properties microbi...

The maximum critical flicker-fusion frequency (CFF) was determined for seven species of anoline lizards. The congeners showed a wide range of CFF values from 26 to 42. These values correlated with the general level of insolation in each species’ microhabitat. such that the brighter the habitat. the higher the CFF.

Seasonal variation of P. striata was studied from May 2010 to April 2013 in five mango plantation sites of Dharwad District. It revealed that there was an increase in population with respect to the fruiting season of mango (May and June), and it decreased after the fruiting season. The fluctuation is due to the changes in the microhabitat of the collection sites.

The high mountain environment is a tough habitat that imposes many challenges to reptiles. As temperature decreases with altitude and has dramatic variation throughout the day in tropical mountains, ectotherms must cope these harsh conditions. We studied use of microhabitat activity patterns Stenocercus trachycephalus eastern Andes range Colombia. Three localities were sampled across wide altit...

Escape by Anolis lizards is influenced by microhabitats and fight initiation distance increases with predation risk. Differences in microhabitat use among ecomorphs affect escape behavior, but only two studies have reported ecomorphological differences in flight initiation distance among Greater Antillean species. I studied effects of predation risk and microhabitats on escape behavior by condu...

1. According to meta-population models, a superior competitor and a superior disperser can coexist in a patchy environment. The two anemonefishes, a large aggressive Amphiprion clarkii Bennett and a small less-aggressive A. perideraion Bleeker, use the same host anemone Heteractis crispa Ehrenberg on a coral reef, Okinawa, Japan, where most of the hosts disappeared after the coral bleaching in ...

1. Baldwin (1896) suggested that behavioural flexibility could allow organisms to persist in novel environments, thus buying time for the evolution of genetic adaptations to the new environment. This has proven true for free-living organisms invading novel habitats. Behavioural flexibility could also allow parasites to exploit novel hosts, but this hypothesis has not been tested, despite the fa...

Until now there has been little documentation about the habitat and microhabitat choices of small benthic fishes in the Mediterranean Sea. Among these fish families, the scientific community has shown more interest in the last decades in combtooth blennies (family Blenniidae), bottom-dwellers that occur in coastal waters (Patzner 1985; Koppel 1988; Pallaoro & Števčić 1989; Illich & Kotrschal 19...