Multiscale computational methods bridging models at micro-scale with macro-properties is a problem of practical significance. Probability distribution functions (PDFs) providing a complete representation of microstructural variability in 3D polycrystalline materials using limited information is difficult to obtain since this inverse problem is highly ill-posed. We use the maximum entropy (MaxEn...

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides information about cerebral white matter integrity in vivo, and fractional anisotropy (FA) is a commonly used index to describe the anisotropy of diffusion. Past studies have reported microstructural white matter abnormalities in widespread prefrontal regions in late-life depression [1, 2] and found prefrontal white matter alterations to be associated with...

Individuals with psychopathy possess emotional and behavioral abnormalities. Two neural regions, involved in behavioral control and emotion regulation, are often implicated: amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). Recently, in studies using adult criminal populations, reductions in microstructural integrity of the white matter connections (i.e., uncinate fasciculus (UF)) between th...

Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) and nanocrystalline metals (NMs) have been extensively investigated due to their superior strengths and elastic limits. Despite these excellent mechanical properties, low ductility at room temperature and poor microstructural stability at elevated temperatures often limit their practical applications. Thus, there is a need for a metallic material system that can ove...

Microstructure-sensitive design is performed using a newly developed Multiscale Complex Step Method. Algorithmic implementation of the complex-step method is based on conventional multiscale Taylor or FE2 direct model, with the difference being that the microstructural deformation gradient is modeled as a complex number with a small imaginary component. We introduce methods to calculate derivat...

A numerical method for the calculation of the electrical conductivity of porous ceramics for gas sensing applications is developed, which takes into account detailed microstructural features by mapping a mesoscopic irregular resistor network onto the microstructure. The overall conductance of the ceramic sample is obtained by solving the Kirchhoff equations for the irregular network using an ef...

The presence of hydrogen within the microstructure of an alloy can lead to a serious reduction of ductility known as hydrogen embrittlement. Although the exact mechanisms of this phenomenon are still subject to debate [1], some mitigation strategies are available. Such strategies include minimizing hydrogen ingress with surface coatings, or controlling hydrogen diffusion within via the introduc...

PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical utility of the narrative scoring scheme (NSS) as an index of narrative macrostructure for young school-age children. METHOD Oral retells of a wordless picture book were elicited from 129 typically developing children, ages 5-7. A series of correlations and hierarchical regression equations were completed using microstructural measures of vocabulary and grammar...

The consolidation of fiber-reinforced titanium matrix composite (TMC) monotapes produced by spray deposition is an important step in the manufacture of TMC components. The performance of this class of composites is controlled by fiber-matrix properties and by the composite’s relative density, fiber microbending stress/fracture and by the interfacial reaction layer thickness at the fiber-matrix ...

Despite numerous studies presenting advances in tomographic imaging and analysis of lithium ion batteries, graphite-based anodes have received little attention. Weak X-ray attenuation of graphite and, as a result, poor contrast between graphite and the other carbon-based components in an electrode pore space renders data analysis challenging. Here we demonstrate operando tomography of weakly at...