Subsurface microstructural alterations and residual stresses caused by machining significantly affect component lifetime and performance by influencing fatigue, creep, and stress corrosion cracking resistance. Assessing the surface quality of a machined part by characterizing subsurface microstructural alterations and residual stresses is essential for ensuring part performance and lifetime in ...

PURPOSE To study whole-brain microstructural alterations in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and examine the relationship between brain microstructure and physiological indictors in the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diffusion tensor imaging data were collected from 35 patients with ESRD (28 men, 18-61 years) and 40 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs, 32 men, 22-58 year...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether structural and microstructural brain abnormalities in neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) correlate with neuronal network dysfunction measured by analysis of EEG connectivity. METHODS We studied a prospective cohort of 20 neonates with CHD who underwent continuous EEG monitoring before surgery to assess functional brain maturation and network connectivit...

The objective of this study was to quantify microstructural remodeling in peri-infarcted and infarcted porcine myocardium using diffusion tensor MRI (DT-MRI) for the first time. High resolution ex vivo late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) MRI was used to segment the DT-MRI data into normal, peri-infarct and infarcted myocardium. LGE-MRI based segmentation produces regions with significantly different...

The possibility to obtain multiphase steels with considerable fractions of retained austenite, which is of key interest for the occurrence of the TRIP effect, is investigated in steels with low amounts of Si and Al. Special emphasis is dedicated to the microstructural observation of this phase, since its volume fraction, distribution and stability, related to the carbon content, will determine ...

We present a multiple-scale approach for the analysis of tensile failure of concrete under impact loading. A phenomenological rate dependent constitutive model is applied at the macroscopic level. Viscosity terms are included to represent the strengthening effect associated with the microstructural moisture and inertial effects of micro-cracking. A partial length scale effect is extracted from ...

NMR observable nuclei undergoing restricted diffusion within confining pores are important reporters for microstructural features of porous media including, inter-alia, biological tissues, emulsions and rocks. Diffusion NMR, and especially the single-pulsed field gradient (s-PFG) methodology, is one of the most important noninvasive tools for studying such opaque samples, enabling extraction of...

One of the hallmarks of diffusion NMR and MRI is its ability to utilize restricted diffusion to probe compartments much smaller than the excited volume or the MRI voxel, respectively, and to extract microstructural information from them. Single-pulsed field gradient (s-PFG) MR methodologies have been employed with great success to probe microstructures in various disciplines, ranging from chemi...

Figure 1. Significant (*) group mean differences were detected for Kra when compared the adolescent group with the young adult (p=0.004) and elderly group (p=0.01). The increase of Kra represents an increase in the microstructural complexity of the thalamus, possibly related to ongoing myelination and increase in fiber packing density. Assessment of Age-Related Microstructural Changes in the Th...