BACKGROUND Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is a complex medical and public health problem that seriously affects highland immigrants. This study investigated relationships between community-level factors and CMS. METHODS In this ecological study, data on age- and ethnicity-standardized CMS rates, community factors, and controlling variables were obtained from 2009-2010 surveys of 108 Chinese ...

This paper considers the effects of corruption and government spending on economic growth. It starts from an endogenous growth model and extends it to account for the detrimental effects of corruption on the potentially productive components of government spending, namely military and investment spending. The resulting model is estimated on a sample of African countries and the results show, fi...

FMEA was formally introduced in the late 1940s for military usage by the US Armed Forces. Later, it was used for aerospace/rocket development to avoid errors in small sample sizes of costly rocket technology. FMEA enables the team to design those failures out of the system with the minimum of effort and resource expenditure, thereby reducing development time and costs. It is widely used in manu...

background health literacy presents an enormous challenge in the delivery of effective healthcare and quality outcomes. we evaluated the impact of low health literacy (lhl) on healthcare utilization and healthcare expenditure.   methods database analysis used medical expenditure panel survey (meps) from 2005-2008 which provides nationally representative estimates of healthcare utilization and e...

If the balanced and sustainable urban development is the overall objective of the European Union in spacial planning, each member of the Union as well as those who are willing to join the Union must commit and conduct spacial strategies accordingly. However, such economic and probably social rationales are often ignored in the mist of politics and military. From geopolitics to national strategy...