The effects of ruminal ammonia concentration on bacterial numbers, fermentation pattern and degradation of feed ingredients in the rumen were examined with three nonlactating Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas. Cows were fed twice daily a complete mixed diet (90% whole plant oat silage and 10% concentrate mixture) containing 11.1% CP on a DM basis. Ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) was inf...

Eight ruminally cannulated Holstein bull calves were used in a switchback design to evaluate effects of hay on postprandial changes in ruminal pH, ammonia and VFA, blood ketones, and plasma glucose, NEFA, VFA, and urea N. Calves were fed 4.5 kd/d of calf starter with or without hay for ad libitum consumption. Blood and ruminal fluid were sampled every 2 h for 12 h on d 21 (periods 1 and 2) or d...

lactatingdairy cows (n=177) fed with grass and corn silage ad libitum kept in pasture, were randomly assigned to evaluate how urea nitrogen in plasma and milk can be related to their pregnancy rate. blood and milk samples were collected on the artificial insemination (ai) day to evaluate plasma urea nitrogen (pun) and milk urea nitrogen (mun) as well as progesterone levels, excluding cows with ...

This study was carried out to determine of the effects of monensin on ruminal fermentation parameters in Ghizel sheep. Sixteen male Ghizel sheep were used allocated in completely randomized design. The diet containing of 2.9 ME (Mcal/kg DM) and 150 g/kg DM CP was formulated based on NRC requirement consisting of 400 g kg-1DM alfalfa, 488 g kg-1 DM barley grain, 200 g kg-1 DM soybean meal, 589 g...

Context Mitigating urinary nitrogen (N) losses is an important target of sustainable cattle nutrition concepts. One option to achieve this may be dietary inclusion tanniferous herbs.Aims Aim the study was investigate herbs with different profiles tannins for their efficiency abate N losses. Small burnet (Sanguisorba minor) high concentrations total tannins, plantain (Plantago lanceolata) low an...

As a result of the cost of grains, the replacement of grains by co-products (i.e. DDGS) in feedlot diets is a common practice. This change produces diets that contain a lower amount of starch and greater amount of fibre. Hypothetically, combining feed grade urea (U) with slow release urea (Optigen) in this type of diet should elicit a better synchrony between starch (high-rate of digestion) and...

The responses of whole body protein and glucose kinetics and of nitrogen (N) metabolism to non-protein energy intake (NPEI) were determined using an isotope dilution approach and measurement of N balance in three adult male goats. The diets containing 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times ME maintenance requirement, with fixed intake of CP (1.5 times maintenance) and percentage of hay (33%), were fed twice da...

Abstract Exploring new alternative sources of feedstuffs can contribute to animal production sustainability in some Mediterranean regions order overcome the rising food demand. The influence dietary replacement wheat straw (WS) with orange waste silage (OWS) on nutrient intakes, apparent digestibility, ruminal fermentation and blood biochemical constituents milk dairy goats were evaluated. Fort...

Six crossbred, mature beef cows (609 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a crossover design to evaluate the effects of small quantities of supplemental blood meal and feather meal combined with mineralized salt (40% NaCI, 41% CaHPO,, 7% KCI, 7% MgO, 5% trace minerals) on serum urea nitrogen, ruminal fermentation profiles, in situ organic matter disappearance and fecal output. Cows gra...