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Mineral dust exposure can result in emphysema and chronic airflow obstruction. We postulated that dust-induced emphysema has a pathogenesis similar to that in cigarette smoke-induced emphysema, namely, excess release of proteolytic enzymes from dust-evoked inflammatory cells, and inactivation of alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) by dust-catalyzed formation of oxidants. To test this theory we examined ...

Atmospheric aerosols include gases and liquids, as well as solid particles. They include material derived from both oceans and landmass, as well as particles that form within the atmosphere, such as sulfates. Solid particles entrained in the atmosphere by detachment from poorly vegetated surfaces (the process of deflation) include, for example, rock and mineral dust, fine mineral aggregates, fi...

In aerosol chamber experiments optical properties of resuspended mineral dust samples of defined size distributions were measured. Extinction coefficients (bext) and mass specific extinction cross sections (σext) were determined for Saharan dust samples from different locations. The results for σext were not very sensitive to the type of dust and varied at λ=550 nm between 3.3±0.4 m2 g−1 and 3....

A population based case-control study was performed in Cracow, Poland, to determine the effect of occupational air pollutants on various histological types of lung cancer. Male cases and controls were identified from the Cracow Death Register. Information was obtained by mailed questionnaire from next of kin on smoking, occupational branch, occupational exposures, and other pertinent variables....

The interaction of N2O5 with mineral dust: aerosol flow tube and Knudsen reactor studies C. Wagner, F. Hanisch, N. Holmes, H. de Coninck, G. Schuster, and J. N. Crowley Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany now at: Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Umwelt, Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz, Rosenkavalierplatz 2, 81925 München, Germany now at: International Laboratory for Air Quality and...

[1] Mineral aerosol impacts on climate through radiative forcing by natural dust sources are examined in the current, last glacial maximum, pre-industrial and doubled-carbon dioxide climate. Modeled globally averaged dust loadings change by +88%, +31% and 60% in the last glacial maximum, pre-industrial and future climates, respectively, relative to the current climate. Model results show global...

West African dust aerosol plumes are the most wide spread, persistent and dense [31]. The processes which are responsible for the dust uplift are highly variable in time and space with an annual peak during summer [10, 31]. Mineral dust particles affect the atmospheric radiation budget directly (e.g. [14, 42]) and indirectly (e.g. [16]). The indirect aerosol affect and the scattering of solar r...

Introduction Conclusions References