Optical disks are read out by focusing a beam of high numerical aperture (NA) through the substrate. Deviations of the thickness from the nominal value result in spherical aberration; tilting the substrate results in coma. Exact analytical expressions for the rms aberration per micrometer thickness mismatch (for spherical aberration) and per degree tilt (for coma) are derived. The paraxial esti...

Two-level factorial designs are considered under a conditional model with a pair of conditional and conditioning factors. Such a pair can arise in many practical situations. With properly defined main effects and interactions, an appropriate effect hierarchy is introduced under the conditional model. A complementary set theory as well as an efficient computational procedure, supported by a powe...

Nonregular fractional factorial designs such as Plackett-Burman designs and other orthogonal arrays are widely used in various screening experiments for their run size economy and flexibility. The traditional analysis focuses on main effects only. Hamada and Wu (1992) went beyond the traditional approach and proposed an analysis strategy to demonstrate that some interactions could be entertaine...

We review chromosome aberration modeling and its applications, especially to biodosimetry and to characterizing chromosome geometry. Standard results on aberration formation pathways, randomness, dose-response, proximity effects, transmissibility, kinetics, and relations to other radiobiological endpoints are summarized. We also outline recent work on graph-theoretical descriptions of aberratio...

By introducing a transformed pupil vector into the aberration expansions of an axially symmetric optical system, the aberration coefficients through third order of a pupil decentered off-axis optical system are obtained. Nodal aberration characteristics are revealed only by means of the pupil decentration vector and the aberration coefficients of the axially symmetric system, which shows great ...

Clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCC) is generally thought to originate from ovarian, endometrial, or renal tissue. A CCC of the peritoneum (CCAP) is an extremely rare medical condition and is associated with a poor prognosis. To date, only 10 cases of CCAP have been reported, of which half resulted in death or recurrence within 6 months after initial treatment because CCAP is commonly resistant to m...

PURPOSE The aim of this analysis was to determine the total ocular wavefront aberration values of a large phakic population of physiologically normal, ametropic eyes, gathered under the same clinical protocol using the same diagnostic wavefront sensor. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies were conducted at multiple sites in Asia, North America, Europe, and Australia. A Bausch + Lomb Zywave II Wavefr...

Higher order optical aberrations were measured in 273 cyclopleged Singaporean school children using a Bausch and Lomb Zywave aberrometer, with 268 of these subjects also undergoing corneal topography measurements (Tomey TMS 2 system). Subjects with low myopia (> -3.00 to -0.50 D) showed slightly, but significantly, less positive levels of spherical aberration than other refractive error groups....

the aim of this study was the evaluation of acute genotoxic effect of effluent water of thermo-power plant by means of tradescantia root tips micronucleus test (mn), mitotic index and cell aberrations.   tradescantia , was experimentally treated (for 24 h), with effluent water of thermo-power plant in different dilution ratios (negative control – distilled water; primary untreated effluent wate...

Light traveling through any optical media other than a vacuum is distorted by the media. We call this distortion aberration. Aberration occurs for many reasons, including nonuniform indexes of refraction in the media, differential bending of light by “lenses” in the media, interface changes in the media, and scatter. This produces defocus, astigmatism, coma, spherical, and other types of wavefo...