The goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara (Epinephelidae) is an exceptionally large marine fish that inhabits sub-tropical and tropical waters of the Americas and western Africa. Due to a lack of readily observable morphological variation in specimens across its range, the goliath grouper has been regarded as a single species. We tested the hypothesis that Pacific and West Atlantic populations co...

Mitochondrial respiratory activities in the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei are developmentally regulated. The trypanosomes in the mammalian bloodstream derive ATP entirely from glycolysis. The trypanosomes found in the midgut of the insect vector or in culture at 26 degrees C have fully functional mitochondria with cytochrome-mediated respiration. In this paper, we show that the steady s...

The gene sequences for honeybee cytochrome b, ATPase 6, and ATPase 8 are presented, along with the inferred amino acid sequences of the proteins. These mitochondrial genes are in the same relative positions as are their counterparts in Drosophila mitochondrial mtDNA and have evolved at a significantly greater overall rate than have those of Drosophila. Comparisons using both amino acid identity...

In European countries, hunting of wildlife is regulated by various directives. However, illegal activities are becoming more common. To deal with crime cases, it becomes necessary to select the best molecular markers for analysis animal sex, species, and relationships identification. This study investigated potential within chromosomal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) forensics. By applying targeting ...

Preparations enriched in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii thylakoids have proven useful in the study of photosynthesis. Many of their polypeptides however remain unidentified. We report here on three of those, h1 (34 kDa), h2 (11 kDa), and P3 (63 kDa). h1, h2, and P3 are present in all tested mutants of C. reinhardtii lacking either one or several of the photosynthetic chain complexes or depleted in t...

It is proposed that ischemic preconditioning (PC) initiates signaling that converges on mitochondria and results in cardioprotection. The outcome of this signaling on mitochondrial enzyme complexes is yet to be understood. We therefore used proteomic methods to test the hypothesis that PC and pharmacological preconditioning similarly alter mitochondrial signaling complexes. Langendorff-perfused...

Increased contractile activity of skeletal muscle augments the volume fraction and enzymatic capacity of mitochondria and suppresses the enzymatic capacity of several cytoplasmic enzymes of glycolysis. To examine the biochemical mechanisms underlying these effects, we measured the concentrations of cytochrome b mRNA and aldolase A mRNA in tibialis anterior muscles of adult rabbits that had been...

The cytochrome bc1 complex resides in the inner membrane of mitochondria and transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c. This electron transfer is coupled to the translocation of protons across the membrane by the protonmotive Q cycle mechanism. This mechanism topographically separates reduction of quinone and reoxidation of quinol at sites on opposite sites of the membrane, referred to...

Reduction of hydroxylamines and amidoximes is important for drug activation and detoxification of aromatic and heterocyclic amines. Such a reductase system was previously found to be of high activity in adipose tissue and liver, and furthermore, in vitro studies using recombinant truncated and purified enzymes suggested the participation of cytochrome b(5) reductase (CYB5R), cytochrome b(5) (CY...

A ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome bc1) complex has been purified from the plasma membrane of aerobically grown Paracoccus denitrificans by extraction with dodecyl maltoside and ion exchange chromatography of the extract. The purified complex contains two spectrally and thermodynamically distinct b cytochromes, cytochrome c1, and a Rieske-type iron-sulfur protein. Optical spect...