Numerous studies suggest that proinflammatory cytokines are involved in pathophysiology of depression and in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. There are some clinical and experimental data indicating that antidepressants are able to reduce the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Because the main source of cytokines in the brain are glial cells, the aim of our study was to invest...

Twenty-four adult molly fish (Poecilia sphenops, Valenciennes 1846) were collected to study the morphology and distribution of ganglia using histological, immunohistochemical, electron microscopy focusing on their relation immune cells. The classified spatially into cranial spinal, functionally sensory autonomic. Spinal (dorsal root ganglia, DRG) contained large close ganglionic cells, enclosed...

Background and objectives: Many Nepeta species have been commonly used in Iranian folk medicine as tranquilizer, relaxant, carminative and restorative tonic for nervous and respiratory disorders. Inflammation is a problem in many diseases and has an important role in brain function that can cause neurodegenerative disorders. Inflamed glial cells can exacerbate neurodegenerative diseases by prod...

epilepsy is neurological disorders that afflict many people around the world with a higher prevalence rate in children and in low income countries. temporal lobe epilepsy (tle) is result from hippocampal sclerosis is a neurological disorder with difficult treatment. stem cells can transform into any type of cells such as glial cells, consequently stem cells can use for medical treatment. stem c...