background: since tumors located in thorax region of body mainly move due to respiration, in the modern radiotherapy, there have been many attempts such as; external markers, strain gage and spirometer represent for monitoring patients’ breathing signal. with the advent of fluoroscopy technique, indirect methods were proposed as an alternative approach to extract patients’ breathing signals. ma...

Within the framework of massive $\mathrm{O}(N)$ nonlinear sigma model extended to next-to-leading order in chiral counting [for $N=3$ corresponding two(-quark)-flavor Chiral Perturbation Theory], we calculate relativistic six-pion scattering amplitude at low energy up and including terms $\mathcal{O}({p}^{4})$. Results for pion mass, decay constant, four-pion case $N$ (meson) flavors $\mathcal{...

Model nanocontacts formed at a gold–HOPG interface exhibit complex frictional behavior with variety of phenomena, from thermolubricity to superlubricity and exotic sliding dynamics.

In the present paper, the problem of reflection and transmission of waves at an interface of elastic and microstretch thermoelastic solids with microtemperatureshas been studied. The amplitude ratios of various reflected and transmitted waves are functions of angle of incidence and frequency of incident wave. The expressions of amplitude ratios have been computed numerically for a particular mo...