This study about the productivity and near-synonymy of inchoative construction in Peninsular Spanish reveals that at least 25 verbs can enter auxiliary slot. These auxiliaries are recruited from six semantic domains: (1) superlexical inherent verbs, (2) put (3) throw (4) movement (5) manual manipulation (6) destruction. confirms a hierarchical cluster analysis is suited to investigate semantica...

suhrawardi’s logic of the hikmat al-ishraq is basically modal. so to understand his modal logic one first has to know the non-modal part upon which his modal logic is built. in my previous paper ‘suhrawardi on syllogisms’(3) i discussed the former in detail. the present paper is an exposition of his treatment of modal syllogisms. on the basis of some reasonable existential presuppositions and a...

Diastereoselective radical coupling was achieved with chiral auxiliaries. The radicals were generated by anodic decarboxylation of five malonic acid derivatives. These were prepared from benzyl malonates and four menthol auxiliaries. Coelectrolyses with 3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid in methanol at platinum electrodes in an undivided cell afforded hetero-coupling products in 22-69% yield with a dias...

The aim of this paper is to compare the behaviour of Polish and Romance pronominal clitics in tense auxiliary constructions and to account for Polish facts. First, we present the system of Polish auxiliaries, briefly comparing it to Romance. Then, we discuss clitic climbing (CC), the phenomenon well-known in Romance. We contrast Polish CC with CC in Italian and French. Finally, we present a for...

We consider a data set with missing observations but known auxiliaries for the sample and develop a real donor imputation. For each unit with missing observations we construct a distribution over a set of possible donors. We want the expectation (or distribution) to be chosen so that the expectation (or distribution) of the imputed values should equal the distribution of the units’ true values....

This paper discusses whether there are elements in spoken Sinhala that can be appropriately labeled auxiliary verbs, adopting the framework of grammaticalization theory (Hopper and Traugott 1993). While auxiliaries are thought of as a nearly universal cross-linguistic category (Steele 1978), the term is not mentioned in standard works on Sinhala (Gair and Paolillo 1997, Gair 1998). On the basis...

background: conjunctivitis is the inflammation of the conjunctiva and has 4 main causes-viruses, bacteria, allergens, and irritants. among these, bacterial conjunctivitis is most common and is contagious, especially when the dentist is working with the infected person, and that person spreads the same to the other patient. methods: a pretested questionnaire survey was conducted among 152 subjec...

The output data from a structure is the building block for output-only modal analysis. The structure response in the output data, however, is usually contaminated with noise. Naturally, the success of output-only methods in determining the modal parameters of a structure depends on noise level. In this paper, the possibility and accuracy of identifying the modal parameters of a simply supported...

effective methodologies for efficient preparation of semicarbazones from aldehydes or ketones via milling and the subsequent regeneration of the parent carbonyls by gaseous nitrogen dioxide are described under solid-solid and gas-solid reaction conditions, respectively. these methods are fast, simple and environmentally benign which do not require the use of any auxiliaries such as catalysts or...