Sound patterns of vowel harmony reduce articulatory effort which facilitates speech production with increased speech rate and accuracy. We argue that back harmony patterns reduce articulatory effort compared to height harmony and non-harmony patterns and harmony patterns formed from front unrounded (FU) vowels reduce articulatory effort compared to those of front rounded (FR)vowels. We report o...

When musicians compose the harmony, they usually try various possible combinations of the music pitches stored in their memory, which can be considered as a optimization process of adjusting the input (pitches) to obtain the optimal output (perfect harmony). Harmony search draws the inspiration from harmony improvisation, and has gained considerable results in the field of optimization, althoug...

IMPORTANCE A number of studies have investigated music perception in adult cochlear implant (CI) users. However, little is known about how pediatric CI users perceive and process music, in part because suitable methods for assessing music perception in this population are lacking. Therefore, we developed the Music in Children With Cochlear Implants (MCCI) battery to assess music perception in p...

This chapter addresses harmony systems, a term which encompasses consonant harmony, vowel harmony, and vowel-consonant harmony. Harmony refers to phonological assimilation for harmonic feature(s) that may operate over a string of multiple segments. This can be construed in one of two ways. Two segments may interact “at a distance” across at least one (apparently) unaffected segment, as shown fo...

How we measure time and integrate temporal cues from different sensory modalities are fundamental questions in neuroscience. Sensitivity to a "beat" (such as that routinely perceived in music) differs substantially between auditory and visual modalities. Here we examined beat sensitivity in each modality, and examined cross-modal influences, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to...

The two most controversial aspects of vowel harmony in Korean ideophones are its morphologically restricted nature and the harmonic feature governing these alternations. Not only is the harmony pattern restricted to the ideophone class2, but also the value of the harmonic feature determines the meaning of the ideophone itself. While alternations from one feature to another involve relative lowe...

A central goal of biomusicology is to understand the biological basis of human musicality. One approach to this problem has been to compare core components of human musicality (relative pitch perception, entrainment, etc.) with similar capacities in other animal species. Here we extend and clarify this comparative approach with respect to rhythm. First, whereas most comparisons between human mu...

Introduction: Frozen shoulder syndrome (FSS) is a common shoulder disease that causes pain and has progressive loss of shoulder motion. Codman's pendulum exercises are commonly prescribed after a shoulder injury to provide early joint mobilization, increase the flow of nutrients into the joint space, and decrease pain. This study aimed to compare the effect of Cadman's exercises and scapular rh...

ayatollah mohammad hossein gheravi isfahani known as compani is one of the contemporary famous scholars and mystics and the author of arabic poems of divan al-anvar al-ghodsieh, entitled as  moftagher. in his persian and arabic divan there are many poems in praise of prophet mohammad's family among which is his long arabic panegyric in praise of imam reza – peace be upon him. the  present ...

Based on Fairclough's three-dimensional critical discourse analysis model, this study investigates China's image in the English translation of country leader's New Year Greetings from 2014 to 2021. The method corpus linguistics is applied, and modal system systemic functional perspective employed. reveals that country's hardworking, enjoying good governance social harmony, pursuing peace develo...