In 1985 the World Health Organization (WHO) stated: “There is no justification for any region to have Caesarean Section (CS) rates higher than 10-15%”[1]. During the last decades the percentage of births managed by CS has increased beyond the recommended level, especially in high income areas such as Italy, Germany, France, United Kingdom, and North America [2,3]. Emerging evidences indicate th...

OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the long-term effect of mode of delivery on the prevalence and severity of pelvic pain. STUDY DESIGN Six to eleven years after a first delivery, pelvic pain (dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and pelvic pain not related to menses or intercourse) was measured using the Oxfordshire Women's Health Study Questionnaire. Obstetrical exposures were assessed by review of the...

The Cesarean section rate has been steadily rising in United States from 4.5% in 1965 [1] to nearly 33% [2] in 2010. In developing countries, such as China and Brazil, this number accounts for 40% and 45% [3], respectively. The high prevalence of the condition compared to the number of women in need of c-section (5 to 10%) suggests that the difference of approximately 30% is only a socio-econom...

In this study, we were synthesized Fe3O4@LDH@Lamivudine and characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy,XRD and TEM. The interaction of this nanoparticle with CT-DNA was investigated by viscosity, circulardichroism (CD), Uv-Visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. Among all nanocarriers which applied as drugdelivery vectors, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with exchangeable anions in t...