OBJECTIVES Visual inspection is generally used to assess breast density. Our study aim was to compare visual assessment of breast density of experienced and inexperienced readers with semi-automated analysis of breast density. METHODS Breast density was assessed by an experienced and an inexperienced reader in 200 mammograms and scored according to the quantitative BI-RADS classification. Bre...

More than one-third of the earth is characterized by arid and semi-arid climate and desertification phenomenon in these areas has been intensified in recent decades. This study aims to investigate the trend of desertification using vegetation indices and Iranian Model of Desertification Potential Assessment (IMDPA) in Abarkooh Plain, Yazd province, Iran. The satellite images (Landsat images in ...

To predict the impact of environmental change on species distributions, it has been hypothesized that community-level models could give some benefits compared to species-level models. In this study we have assessed the performance of these two approaches. We surveyed 256 bird communities in an agricultural landscape in southwest France at the same locations in 1982 and 2007. We compared the abi...

In this paper, we propose the use of spans in addition to edges in noun compound analysis. A span is a sequence of words that can represent a noun compound. Compared with edges, spans have good properties in terms of semi-supervised parsing. They can be reliably extracted from a huge amount of unannotated text. In addition, while the combinations of edges such as sibling and grandparent interac...

This paper is devoted to the concepts of fuzzy upper and fuzzy lower contra-continuous, contra-irresolute and contra semi-continuous multifunctions. Several characterizations and properties of these multifunctions along with their mutual relationships are established in L-fuzzy topological spaces. Later, composition and union between these multifunctions have been studied. AMS (MOS) Subject Cla...

A nonconvex generalized semi-infinite programming problem is considered involving parametric max-functions in both, the objective and the constraints. For a fixed vector of parameters, the values of these parametric max-functions are given as optimal values of convex quadratic programming problems. Assuming that for each parameter the parametric quadratic problems satisfy the strong duality rel...

Background. Groin injuries are frequent and commonly seen in soccer. The Copenhagen Adduction Exercise (CAE) increases eccentric hip adduction strength and reduces the groin injury incident. Objectives. To assess the professional and semi-professional soccer players and coaches’ awareness, implementation, and opinion of the CAE. Methods. A cross-sectional study based on a survey consisting of...

Using methods of R.J.Tauer [13] we exhibit an uncountable family of singular masas in the hyperfinite II1 factor R all with Pukánszky invariant {1}, no pair of which are conjugate by an automorphism of R. This is done by introducing an invariant Γ(A) for a masa A in a II1 factor N as the maximal size of a projection e ∈ A for which Ae contains non-trivial centralising sequences for eNe. The mas...

For an upper semi-continuous set-valued mapping from one topological space to another and for a lower semi-continuous function defined on the product of these spaces, Berge’s theorem states lower semi-continuity of the minimum of this function taken over the image sets. It assumes that the image sets are compact. For Hausdorff topological spaces, this paper extends Berge’s theorem to set-valued...