The transport layer’s protocols have been used in the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in order to achieve data reliability. However, the limitations of the WSNs did not usually considered when implementing these protocols in the stack of the sensor nodes. In this paper, the TCP protocol has been modified in order to use it with the unique characteristics of the WSNs. The TCP is connection-orien...

A WSN computer network using sensors is used in important application like environmental monitoring warning dangers to human lives. WSN‟s may have several problems related to topology construction, maintenance, and connectivity. The deployed Sensor devices may have critical resource constraints in terms of energy consumption. Also the algorithms need to be memory-efficient. Algorithmic issues a...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is an emerging area belonging to the wireless technologies that has recently developed interest among the industry and academic researchers and is expected to hold the market in the recent future. In WSN, transferring the data packets with efficient energy during transmission takes the most crucial role in this area, which on failure will result in problems like ...

A modified platinum electrode was fabricated by the electropolymerization of pyrrole using a sodium p-sulphonatocalix[6]arene as the supporting electrolyte. The modified electrode acts as a reasonably sensitive electrochemical sensor for dopamine giving a linear calibration curve in the range 0.075 – 1.00 mM dopamine. The sensor shows no ability to sense the common interferent ascorbic acid, th...

We used an effective electrochemical sensor for the determination of imipramine at pH 7.2 using a carbon nanocomposite electrode. The electrode has been designed by incorporation of montmorillonite nanoclay into the carbon ionic liquid electrode. The high sensitivity of 1.714 μA (μM)-1, two linear calibration ranges of 0.1–2 μM and 2-40 μM, and detection limit of 19 nM were achieved. The relati...

An electrochemical sensor based on the electrocatalytic activity of functionalized graphene for sensitive detection of paracetamol is presented. The electrochemical behaviors of paracetamol on graphene-modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry. The results showed that the graphene-modified electrode exhibited excellent electroca...

A sensor for measuring adsorption on a substrate has been designed including a contactless detection scheme, called supercapacitive admittance tomoscopy (SCAT). The sensor comprises a thin dielectric layer with two parallel band electrodes on the one side and a chemically modified surface on the other onto which the adsorption of molecules occurs. Upon application of a high frequency ac voltage...

In the present paper, electrochemical methods were used to investigate the behavior of ascorbic acid at a carbon paste electrode modified with 2,2'-((1E)-(1,2 phenylenebis(azanylylidene)) bis(methanylylidene))bis(benzene-1,4-diol) (PBD) and oxidized multiwall carbon nanotubes. The modified carbon paste electrode showed high electrocatalytic activity toward ascorbic acid; the current was enhance...

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), localization algorithms could be range-based or range-free. The Approximate Point in Triangle (APIT) is a range-free approach. We propose modification of the APIT algorithm and refer as modified-APIT. We select suitable triangles with appropriate distance between anchors to reduce PIT test errors (edge effect and non-uniform placement of neighbours) in APIT a...

This study investigated the oxidation of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) using a platinum nanoparticle electrode coated with an iodine monolayer, called a modified electrode. The electrode were grown using the cyclic voltammetry technique and the electrochemical measurements were taken using the cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometric technique. In the case of platinum nanoparticle electrode modifi...