Empirical band ratio algorithms for the estimation of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) for Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and MERIS ocean color sensors were assessed and developed for the northern Gulf of Mexico. Match-ups between in situ measurements of CDOM absorption coefficients...

Synergistic applications of multi-resolution satellite data have been of a great interest among user communities for the development of an improved and more effective operational monitoring system of natural resources, including vegetation and soil. In this study, we conducted an inter-comparison of two remote sensing products, namely, visible/near-infrared surface reflectances and spectral veg...

AI textbooks and papers often discuss the big questions, such as “how to reason with uncertainty”, “how to reason efficiently”, or “how to improve performance through learning .” It is more difficult, however, to find descriptions of concrete problems or challenges that are still ambitious and interesting, yet not so open-ended. The goal of this panel is to formulate a set of such challenge pro...

An understanding of the surface albedo of high latitudes is crucial for climate change studies. MODIS albedo retrievals flagged as high quality compare well with in situ Greenland Climate Network (GC-Net) measurements but cover too little area to fully characterize Greenland's albedo in non-summer months. In contrast, poor quality MODIS retrievals provide adequate spatio-temporal coverage, but ...

The Collection 6 (C6) MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) land and atmosphere data sets are scheduled for release in 2014. C6 contains significant revisions of the calibration approach to account for sensor aging. This analysis documents the presence of systematic temporal trends in the visible and near-infrared (500 m) bands of the Collection 5 (C5) MODIS Terra and, to lesser...

Given the advantages of remote sensing, an increasing number satellite aerosol optical depths (AOD) have been utilized to evaluate near-ground PM2.5. However, spatiotemporal relationship between AODs and PM2.5 still lacks a comprehensive investigation, especially in some regions with severe pollution within China. Here, we investigated relationships several near-surface concentration across Chi...

When Deep Blue played Garry Kasparov in February 1996 and May 1997, the extensive IBM web pages devoted to the site claimed that Deep Blue did not use artificial intelligence. We argue that this claim is inaccurate, is representative of a wide-spread phenomenon in the field, and is ultimately harmful to AI. Does Deep-Blue use AI? In February 1996 and May 1997, the reigning world chess champion,...

The MODIS instrument provides major advances in moderate resolution earth observation. Improved spatial resolution for land observation at 250 and 500 m and improved spectral band placement provide new remote sensing opportunities. NASA has invested in the development of improved algorithms for MODIS, which will provide new data sets for global change research. Surface reflectance is one of the...