For epidemiologic investigations, the primary subdivision of Salmonella Typhi is vi-phage typing; 106 Vi-phage types are defined. For multidrug-resistant strains the most common types have been M1 (Pakistan) and E1 (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and the Arabian Gulf); a strain untypable with the Vi phages has been responsible for a major epidemic in Tajikistan. Most often, isolates from the Indi...

An increasingly important requirement for many novel applications is sensing the positions of people, equipment, animals, etc. GPS technology has proven itself as a successfull technology for positioning in outdoor environments but indoor no technology has yet gained a similar wide-scale adoption. A promising indoor positioning technique is radio-based location fingerprinting, having the major ...

introduction: cryptosporidium is an apicomplexa parasite that infects humans and a wide range of domestic and wild animals. however, the sub-genotypes of the species infecting animals in iran are unclear. the aim of the present study isto identify dna fingerprinting of bovine cryptosporidium in qazvin province using sequences of gp60 gene.   materials and methods : in this study we investigated...

Fingerprinting schemes are technical means to discourage people from illegally redistributing the digital data they have legally purchased. These schemes enable the original merchant to identify the original buyer of the digital data. In so-called asymmetric fingerprinting schemes the fingerprinted data item is only known to the buyer after a sale and if the merchant finds an illegally redistri...

Clinically used low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) are anticoagulants of choice and are phenomenally complex mixtures of millions of distinct natural and unnatural polymeric sequences. The FDA recommends that each LMWH be considered as an independent drug with its own activity profile, placing significant importance on the biophysical characterization of each intact LMWH. We report a robust p...