The dual symmetry between electric and magnetic fields is an important intrinsic property of Maxwell equations in free space. This symmetry underlies the conservation of optical helicity and, as we show here, is closely related to the separation of spin and orbital degrees of freedom of light (the helicity flux coincides with the spin angular momentum). However, in the standard field-theory for...

Cognition can exhibit biases consistent with future expectations, and some of these biases result in momentum-like effects and have been linked with the idea of an internalization of the effects of momentum. These momentum-like effects include representational momentum, operational momentum, and attentional momentum. Similarities and differences between these different momentum-like effects are...

The noncommutative harmonic oscillator in arbitrary dimension is examined. It is shown that the ⋆-genvalue problem can be decomposed into separate harmonic oscillator equations for each dimension. The noncommutative plane is investigated in greater detail. The constraints for rotationally symmetric solutions and the corresponding twodimensional harmonic oscillator are solved. The angular moment...

There appear to be two standard ways of calculation C-G coefficients in quantum mechanics. One method is to combine the “ladder” operator approach with orthogonality conditions. The second method is to use some type of closed form [2] which allows the coefficients to be calculated directly. However, the latter approach is at times considered “tedious” [2] and does not reveal any new information...