A number of innocent rashes occurs in neonates. They are usually transient and self limited and thus require no therapy but early recognition is important to distinguish these lesions from more serious disorders. In this study, our purpose was to determine the frequency of birthmarks in Iranian neonates. The presence of various types of birthmarks was determined in 503 Iranian neonates under 72...

A large amount of epidemiological evidence has accumulated indicating a significant relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and chronic gastritis [1,2], peptic ulcers [3], intestinal metaplasia [4,5], and adenocarcinoma [6–8] or lymphoma [9] development. In 1994, the World Health Organization/International Agency for Research on Cancer concluded that “Hp is a definite carcinogen...

Recent studies suggest that the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) of the brainstem contains several subdivisions that differ both anatomically and neurochemically. The present study examined whether variation of c-Fos expression across the 24-hour light-dark cycle may also be different in these subdivisions. Animals were kept on a 12:12 light-dark cycle, were perfused at seven different time points, a...

BACKGROUND Mongolian spots are benign skin markings at birth which fade and disappear as the child grows. Often persistent extensive Mongolian spots are associated with inborn error of metabolism. We report thirteen people of the single family manifested with extensive Mongolian spots showing autosomal dominant inheritance. CASE PRESENTATION A one day old female child, product of second degre...

Anti-Thy-1.1 nephritis in the rat is a popular experimental model for mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN). This model is characterized by direct binding of anti-Thy-1.1 antibody with Thy-1.1 antigen expressed on mesangial cells (MCs) of glomeruli in the rat. A single injection of anti-rat thymocyte serum (ARTS) results in GN with proteinuria and extensive mesangiolysis. Development ...

BACKGROUND Han and Mongolian populations constitute approximately 96% of the population of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the two ethnic groups have different genetic backgrounds and lifestyle. We aim to assess the prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and related risk factors of hypertension among urban adults in Inner Mongolia, with the comparison of the differences between Mongol...

BACKGROUND This study was conducted to examine the differences in the incidence of hypertension and associated risk factors between Mongolian and Han populations in northeast China. METHODS A population-based sample of 4753 Mongolian subjects and 20,247 Han subjects aged ≥ 35 years and free from hypertension at baseline were followed from 2004-2006 to 2010. Incident hypertension was defined a...

Pathogen-driven balancing selection determines the richness of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. Changes in the pathogen spectrum may cause corresponding changes in HLA loci. Approximately 700 years ago, a Mongolian population moved from the north of China to the Yunnan region in the south of China. The pathogen spectrum in the south of China differs from that in the north. In this study, ...

Nevus (or mole) is a form of skin cancer that begins in melanocytes, the cells responsible for skin pigmentation. If it is present at birth, it is called congenital nevus. Before adolescence, nevi are regularly distributed throughout the body, with very few Large nevi (> 5 mm) prevailing on the trunk (due to brutal sun exposure) while those on the face and limbs, chronically exposed to moderate...

IGRA (interferon gamma release assay) testing has marked a new start in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. There is still, however, discrepant evidence in terms of its effectiveness in the early childhood. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the new T SPOT TB (ELISPOT TB test) and the TST (tuberculin skin test) in infant children with active tuberculosis. Fifty one (51) ch...