Voluntary behaviour requires control mechanisms that ensure our ability to act independently of habitual and innate response tendencies. Electrophysiological experiments, using the stop-signal task in humans, monkeys and rats, have uncovered a core network of brain structures that is essential for response inhibition. This network is shared across mammals and seems to be conserved throughout th...

Researchers in the cognitive and affective sciences investigate how thoughts and feelings are reflected in the bodily response systems including peripheral physiology, facial features, and body movements. One specific question along this line of research is how cognition and affect are manifested in the dynamics of general body movements. Progress in this area can be accelerated by inexpensive,...

Because the way we grasp an object varies depending on the intention with which the object is grasped, monitoring the properties of prehensile movements may provide access to a person's intention. Here we investigate the role of visual kinematics in the implicit coding of intention, by using functional brain imaging while participants observed grasping movements performed with social versus ind...

Pedestrian and cyclist crossing characteristics are important for the design of urban intersections and signalized crossings. Parameters, such as waiting time, crossing time, and arrival rate are key variables for describing pedestrian characteristics and improving crossing design and signal timing plan. Manually collecting such data is often extremely labor intensive. Therefore, we introduce a...

Verifying task compliance during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments is an essential component of experimental design. To date, studies of oculomotor tasks such as smooth pursuit eye movements have either measured task performance outside the magnet and assumed similar performance during functional neuroimaging, or have used MR-compatible eye movement recording devices, whi...

It is essential to keep track of the movements we make, and one way to do that is to monitor correlates, or corollary discharges, of neuronal movement commands. We hypothesized that a previously identified pathway from brainstem to frontal cortex might carry corollary discharge signals. We found that neuronal activity in this pathway encodes upcoming eye movements and that inactivating the path...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none fa microsoftinternetexplorer4 background : strength improvement of the shoulder muscles is a major goal in rehabilitation or athletic conditioning programs. the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of shoulder core exercises on the isometric torque of glenohumeral joint movements. methods : a total of 36 healthy females with no history of sho...

This study aims at investigation of stimulation by using intra-spinal signals decoded from electrocorticography (ECoG) assessments to restore the movements of the leg in an animal model of spinal cord injury (SCI). The present work comprised of three steps. First, ECoG signals and the associated leg joint changes (hip, knee, and ankle) in sedated healthy rabbits were recorded in different trial...