BACKGROUND Acute and chronic pain is prevalent in patients with opioid dependence. Lack of knowledge concerning the complex relationship between pain, opioid use, and withdrawal syndrome can account for the barriers encountered for pain management. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of sublingual (SL) buprenorphine for post-operative analgesia, compared with intravenous (IV) morph...

Introduction: To study the effect of withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent male rats. Methods: Adult male rats were divided randomly into four groups: control (G1), received morphine (G2), received morphine and treated by clove (G3) and only treated by clove (G4). The rats were administered increasing doses of morphine (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/ml), each dose being administered for two days,...

The present study focused on the effects of 1-amino-3,5-dimethyladamantane (memantine), a clinically used, low-affinity N-methyl-D-aspartate channel blocker, on the motivational impact of morphine and morphine withdrawal syndrome. Memantine (7.5 mg/kg) inhibited the acquisition as well as the expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference. However, memantine did not affect signific...

The distribution of norepinephrine, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in various areas of the CNS of the normal monkey has been presented. The central levels and distribution of norepinephrine, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine were determined after single doses of morphine, during maintenance of physical dependence and following withdrawal from chronic administration of morphine. Small and non-s...

The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is implicated in the behavioral actions of drugs of abuse, but the cellular and molecular basis of this role is unclear. Recent identification of neuropeptides localized in LH neurons has allowed for more specific studies of LH function. The LH-specific peptide orexin (hypocretin) has been shown to be important in arousal and sleep regulation. However, orexin cells...

Hyperactivity of noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) neurons following withdrawal from chronic opiates has been implicated in the opiate withdrawal syndrome. Here, we report that local withdrawal induced in vivo by microinfusion of an opiate antagonist into the LC of morphine-dependent rats marginally, but significantly, activated LC neurons above the level obtained with local naloxone microinfu...

conclusions moderate exercise for 8 weeks increased the ifn-γ and decreased the il-17 serum levels in the morphine-dependent rats. for this reason, this type of exercise can improve the function of the immune system during morphine withdrawal syndrome. results after 8 weeks of exercise, a significant increase was observed in the serum ifn-γ level in the ht group (251.17 ± 13.045) in comparison ...

mice were rendered tolerant and dependent to morphine by subcutaneous injection of morphine over a period of 5 days. the effects of acute and chronic administration of dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist nifedipine on the development of tolerance and naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal signs were investigated. a single injection of nifedipine proved to be effective in inhibiting so...

BACKGROUND Our aim was to explore the de-addiction properties of Delphinium denudatum Wall. in morphine dependent rats. METHODS Charles Foster male albino rats were made morphine dependent by injecting morphine sulphate in increasing doses twice a day for 7 days. The spontaneous withdrawal signs observed 12 h after the last dose were quantified by the 'counted' and 'checked' signs. The drug (...

carum copticum from apiaceae family has several biological effects including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic and antispasmodic activities. this study was designed to evaluate its effect on suppression of naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal signs. hydroalcoholic and polyphenolic extracts were prepared according to the standard methods. male mice (25-30 g) were made dependent by subcuta...