Sweden is fortunate to have a great number of fairly large lakes. There are 395 lakes with a surface area exceeding 10 km within the country (1). The four largest lakes, L. Vänern, L. Vättern, L. Mälaren and L. Hjälmaren, all situated in central Sweden, have a total surface area of 9086 km, which constitutes 21.6% of the total lake area of Sweden. The drainage area of these four lakes amounts t...

A major emphasis in geomorphology over the past six decades has been on the development of quantitative physiographic methods to describe the evolution and behavior of surface-drainage networks (Horton 1945; Leopold & Maddock 1953; Leopold & Wolman 1957; Abrahams 1984). These parameters have been used in various studies of geomorphology and surface-water hydrology, such as flood characteristics...

River networks evolve as migrating drainage divides reshape river basins and change network topology by capture of river channels. We demonstrate that a characteristic metric of river network geometry gauges the horizontal motion of drainage divides. Assessing this metric throughout a landscape maps the dynamic states of entire river networks, revealing diverse conditions: Drainage divides in t...

To reduce the impact of stormwater pollution on the environment, operators in charge of urban drainage systems and waste water treatment plants need real-time predictions of pollutant concentrations during rainfall events. In this paper, this problem is addressed using nonlinear recurrent neural networks, which are used to simulate the rainfall-runo transformation, as well as the production and...

Earlier analyses of valley networks on Mars often concluded that they were poorly integrated, immature drainage systems. Consequently, surface runoff from precipitation was generally thought to be an unimportant geomorphic process. Combination of Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) imaging and altimetry data sets, however, provides a vast improvement in image clarity and resolution. Although we have use...

Many hydrological algorithms have been developed to automatically extract drainage networks from DEM, and the D8 algorithm is widely used worldwide to delineate drainage networks and catchments. The simulation accuracy of the SWAT model depends on characteristics of the watershed, and previous studies of DEM resolution and its impacts on drainage network extraction have not generally considered...

Several methodologies published in the literature can be used to construct realistic pore networks for simple rocks, whereas in complex pore geometry formations, as formed in tight reservoirs, such a construction still remains a challenge. A basic understanding of pore structure and topology is essential to overcome the challenges associated with the pore scale modeling of tight porous media. A...

Fractal dimensions have been frequently applied to generalize the complexity and drainage of particular stream networks. Certain techniques to calculate dimension have become particularly popular, specifically the Divider method, functional-box counting, and as a function between bifurcation and length ratios. The frequency and variability with which these techniques are applied creates discrep...

sarygamesh basin one of the bulhary chay tributary take place in moghan plain, northeastern azarbyjan area in iran and south edge of kora- araz zone. aims of this research are study specificities and geomorphic evolution of sarygamesh basin, survey rivers work on structure and geologic formation, and corresponding hydrographic with earth structure. toward above aim is used to litologic, structu...