BACKGROUND By definition, transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) do not leave a neurological deficit beyond 24 hours after onset. However, a subgroup of TIA patients is characterized by persistent perfusion defect on single photon emission computed tomogram or infarction on brain computerized tomogram and magnetic resonance imaging. Here, we applied transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study w...

In this paper a sliding mode controller (SMC) is designed for a permanent magnet direct current (PMDC) motor to enhance the motor performance in the presence of unwanted uncertainties. Both the electrical and mechanical signals are used as the inputs to the SMC. The complete motor control system is simulated on a personal computer with different design parameters and desirable system performanc...

Electrical injury may cause central nervous system (CNS) complications and peripheral nerve disorders. Delayed neurologic complications are rarely reported. A case of delayed reversible motor neuronopathy caused by low-voltage electrical injury is reported due to its rarity. A 22-year-old female received an electric shock of 110 volts while pushing up a metal gate during a rainy morning on Apri...

Clinical and experimental results are reviewed concerning muscle weakness in patients with hemiparesis after a stroke. The discussion includes the important role that alterations in the physiology of motor units, notably changes in firing rates and muscle fiber atrophy, play in the manifestation of muscle weakness. This role is compared with the lesser role that spasticity (defined as hyperacti...

INTRODUCTION Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a neuroradiological technique for the localisation of cortical function. FMRI made its debut in cognitive neuroscience and then eventually to other clinical applications. We report our experience with pre-surgical fMRI on a high field scanner, based purely on a clinical platform. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protocols included motor, a...

A 60-year-old man presented with progressive weakness for 2 years that began in the right arm and subsequently spread to all limbs. On examination, he had both upper and lower motor neuron signs including spasticity, hyperreflexia, and fasciculations in addition to asymmetric weakness. The sensory examination was normal. He was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). MRI showed bila...

Small cortical infarctions can produce isolated motor paresis in the upper extremities. Several cases of isolated hand or finger paresis have been reported, but isolated shoulder weakness is extremely rare. We report here a patient who developed isolated shoulder weakness due to a small cortical infarction in the medial precentral gyrus.

Three patients referred for rehabilitation of brachial plexus lesions and two referred with leg weakness associated with sciatica were found to have conversion paralysis. The diagnosis was made by demonstrating normal motor nerve conduction to the clinically weak muscles. The weakness was treated by intensive physical rehabilitation with complete and sustained recovery in all cases.

We have studied, prospectively, 116 patients with motor deficits associated with herniation of a lumbar disc who underwent microdiscectomy. They were studied during the first six months and at a mean of 6.4 years after surgery. Before operation, muscle weakness was mild (grade 4) in 67% of patients, severe (grade 3) in 21% and very severe (grade 2 or 1) in 12%. The muscle which most frequently ...

OBJECTIVE To characterise the clinical features of non-familial migraine with unilateral motor symptoms (MUMS) and compare these features with those of migraine without weakness. METHODS 24 patients with MUMS and 48 matched controls were identified from a tertiary care headache centre. Using a structured interview, the migraine symptoms of both groups were characterised. Results of previously...