ference series was formed in 2003 by merging two biannual conferences: the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Planning and Scheduling (AIPS) and the European Conference on Planning (ECP). It covers the latest theoretical and empirical advances in planning and scheduling, from new theoretical frameworks and algorithms to practical implementations in a variety of domains. ICAPS-0...

BACKGROUND Cycling is considered to be a highly beneficial sport for significantly enhancing cardiovascular fitness in individuals, yet studies show little or no corresponding improvements in bone mass. METHODS A scientific literature search on studies discussing bone mass and bone metabolism in cyclists was performed to collect all relevant published material up to April 2012. Descriptive, c...

CONTEXT Child and adolescent bicycling is beneficial, but injuries occur and can be severe and costly. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the individual and environmental factors associated with bicycling injury risk in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES Fourteen electronic databases were searched. STUDY SELECTION Two authors independently assessed potentially relevant articles for el...

A 39-year-old female presented with an 8-day history of fever, myalgia, back pain, nausea and vomiting, visual impairment, anuria and weight gain of 9 kg within 1 week. Neither cough nor dyspnea was reported. She had no previous medical history and no regular medication. She is a florist by profession and exposed to moss collected in the forest. She does regular mountain biking tours. On admiss...

BACKGROUND Isolated acute foot drop due to traumatic brain injury is exceedingly rare and is often misdiagnosed during initial evaluation. Here, we present the case of a patient who presented with left foot drop after falling off a bicycle. CASE DESCRIPTION The patient is a 55-year-old male who was mountain biking when he fell, hit his head, and lost consciousness. Neurologic examination of t...

BACKGROUND Communities across the United States have been reforming their zoning codes to create pedestrian-friendly neighborhoods with increased street connectivity, mixed use and higher density, open space, transportation infrastructure, and a traditional neighborhood structure. Zoning code reforms include new urbanist zoning such as the SmartCode, form-based codes, transects, transportation ...

The electrocardiogram (ECG) characteristics of athletes have recently become a topic of intensive study to accurately identify dangerous and benign alterations in this special population. These subjects develop a high-vagal tone and consequently sinus bradycardia and different degrees of atrioventricular (AV)-block, but it is difficult to determine how much is too much, and the indications for ...

Trail-based recreation has increased over recent decades, raising the environmental management issue of soil erosion that originates from unsurfaced, recreational trail systems. Trail-based soil erosion that occurs near stream crossings represents a non-point source of pollution to streams. We modeled soil erosion rates along multiple-use (hiking, mountain biking, and horseback riding) recreati...

In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of ACTN3 R577X gene polymorphism on muscle damage responses in athletes competing in an ultra-endurance race. Twenty moderate to well-trained ultra-runners who had entered in an official 37.1 km adventure race (22.1 km mountain biking, 10.9 km trekking, 4.1 km water trekking, 30 m rope course, and orienteering) volunteered for the study. Bloo...

Objective: The study aimed to explore the short-term effects of “green exercise” on state anxiety and to examine the influence of exercise type, intensity, duration, and degree of greenness. Method: A quasi-experimental design involved eight pre-existing outdoor exercise groups (N 1⁄4 101) who completed preand post-exercise questionnaires. Results: Results indicated a significant reduction in p...