Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) therapy in osteoarthritis has been hailed as a promising treatment for osteoarthritis dueto their unlimited potential of healing and regeneration. Existing literature regarding their proper name, optimal sources,mechanisms of action, dosage, and route of administration, efficacy, and safety is debatable. This index review articlehas tried to connect...

Echocardiography has been accepted as the diagnostic modality of choice for mitral valve prolapse (MVP). The determine the effect of position on echocardiographic diagnosis of MVP, we examined 693 consecutive patients referred to the echocardiography laboratory because of suspected MVP. First, patients were examined using the usual standard M-Mode echocardiography( left parasternal third or fou...

auto-reactive cells-mediated immune responses are responsible for the current tissue damages during autoimmunity. accordingly, functional modulation of auto-reactive cells has been a pivotal aim in many of recent studies. in the current study, we investigated the possibility for insertion of regulatory molecules onto auto-reactive cells through exosomal nano-shuttles as a novel approach for phe...

a module m is called epi-retractable if every submodule of m is a homomorphic image of m. dually, a module m is called co-epi-retractable if it contains a copy of each of its factor modules. in special case, a ring r is called co-pli (resp. co-pri) if rr (resp. rr) is co-epi-retractable. it is proved that if r is a left principal right duo ring, then every left ideal of r is an epi-retractable ...

objective(s):the limited homing potential of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bm-msc) is the key obstacle in msc-based therapy. it is believed that chemokines and chemokine receptor interactions play key roles in cellular processes associated with migration. meanwhile, mscs express a low level of distinct chemokine receptors and they even lose these receptors on their surface after a...