natural gas is one of the hydrocarbon resources which is consumed vastly in the world. the asian and european markets, facing with a growing demand of hydrocarbon resources especially natural gas, are the most important consuming markets. hence, the security of natural gas supply is very important. based on the estimation of gas supply security index (gssi), the amount of vulnerability of selec...

â â â â â â â â  abstract â  this work was supported by the academy of korean studies of the republic of korea in year 2012-2013 (aks-2010-caa-2101) energy security has assumed newfound geopolitical importance at the outset of xxi century (moran and russell, 2008). diminishing fossil fuel supplies have led to fears of energy shortages, while rapid economic and population growth have fuelled the...

reduction of exhaust emissions is a major research task in diesel engine development in view of increasing concerns regarding environmental protection and stringent exhaust gas regulations. simultaneousreduction of nox emissions and particulate matter is quite difficult due to the soot/nox trade-off and isoften accompanied by fuel consumption penalties. towards this aim, automotive engineers ha...

For longer distances, natural gas is transported through transit pipeline at high pressures. In a place of consumption or at passing into a lower pressure pipeline, the pressure of the gas must be reduced. In Iran, the common procedure of reducing pressure in natural gas station is using expansion valves, which causes the waste of large amount of energy. Combined heat and power (CHP) systems ha...

Under pressure toward carbon emission reduction and air protection, China has accelerated energy restructuring by greatly improving the supply and consumption of natural gas in recent years. However, several issues with the sustainable development of the natural gas industry in China still need in-depth discussion. Therefore, based on the fundamental ideas of sustainable development, industrial...

Abstract—Packed columns of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) consists of separating the liquid mixture of propane and butane to pure gas components by the distillation phenomenon. The flow of the gas and liquid inside the columns is operated by two ways: The co-current and the counter current operation. Heat, mass and species transfer between phases represent the most important factors that influen...

Due to the poor anti-jamming performance, less gas species, low detection accuracy, short life, medium leaking or carbonmonoxide poisoning and other defects that current sensors for gases dissolved in transformer oil have, a SOFC-based multi-component gas sensor has been designed. The physical, chemical and electrochemical mechanisms of gases in the SOFC have been analyzed, and the mathematical...