BACKGROUND Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis infections cause public health concerns worldwide. Local epidemiologic data about the drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolate (Mtb) is critical to guide appropriate empirical therapy to cure patients and restrain the spread of tuberculosis. METHODS Antituberculosis susceptibility testing was performed for...

Inherent and acquired multiple drug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapeutic drugs is a major obstacle in cancer treatment. The ATP Binding Cassettes (ABC) transporter super family that act as extrusion pumps such as P-glycoprotein and multidrug-resistance-associated-proteins have prominent roles in cancer MDR. One of the most efficient strategies to modulate this active drug efflux from the cells ...

Recent state-wide surveillance of drug-resistant tuberculosis in the state of Gujarat has shown resistance to flouroquinolones (FQ) in 24 per cent cases (19% among new and 25% among previously treated TB cases)1. This increase of drug resistance correlates well with the very widespread use (the broad indications of this class of antimicrobials in lower-respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourina...

We have evaluated whether selection of a human tumor leukemic line for resistance to vinblastine (Velban; VLB) alters its tumorigenicity. To address this question, CEM and CEM/VLB100 cells [which express the multiple drug-resistant (MDR) phenotype via amplification of the P-glycoprotein gene] were characterized by several techniques including chromosome banding, in situ hybridization, Southern ...

Since 1989, strains of Salmonella typhi resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim (i.e., multidrug-resistant [MDR] strains) have been responsible for numerous outbreaks in countries in the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and Africa. MDR strains have also been isolated with increasing frequency from immigrant workers in countries in the Arabian Gulf, as well as in developed...

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) presents a major challenge to global TB control. To gain a better understanding of drug-resistant TB epidemiology in Malatya, Turkey, we conducted the present study using 397 Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates collected from Malatya, Turkey, in recent years (2000-2007). Resistance to any anti-TB drug was found in 29% (114 of 397) of the study isolates,...

Increased rates of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) has been reported from countries close to Denmark. This study evaluated the incidence of drug resistance in Denmark in order to determine the magnitude of the problem. Susceptibility testing was performed in isolates from 85.4% of all notified patients during 1991-1998. Epidemiological information was retrieved from the mandatory no...

OBJECTIVES Treatment outcome of MDR-TB is critically dependent on the proper use of second-line drugs as per the result of in vitro drug susceptibility testing (DST). We aimed to establish a standardized DST procedure based on quantitative determination of drug resistance and compared the results with those of genotypes associated with drug resistance. METHODS The protocol, based on MGIT 960 ...

BACKGROUND Drug susceptibility testing (DST) remains an important concern for implementing treatment of MDR tuberculosis patients. Implementation of molecular tests for drug resistance identification would facilitate DST particularly in developing countries where culturing is difficult to perform. We have characterized multidrug resistant strains in Cambodia using MDTDRsl tests, drug target seq...

The development of multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a significant obstacle in treating cancer patients with chemotherapy. To identify small-molecule compounds that can reverse MDR, the authors used a cell-based screening assay with an MDR ovarian cancer cell line. Incubating MDR cells with a sublethal concentration of paclitaxel in combination with each of 2000 small-molecule compounds from t...