Background: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare systemic vasculitis, affecting mainly the superior airways, lungs and kidneys. Neurological impairment frequent, described in 22 to 54% of cases, rarely inaugurates disease. Objectives: The objective our work was evaluate its prevalence different aspects. Methods: A retrospective study including 11 files GPA patients followed over per...

Upper limb nerve variations may be related to the absence of a nerve, an interconnection between two nerves or variant course. The purpose this review is screen existing literature on upper that alter neurologic diagnostic process. A scoping was performed following PRISMA for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Initially, 1331 articles were identified by searching Pubmed and Web Science until 22nd Octo...

Traumatic brachial plexus injuries can be devastating, causing partial to total denervation of the muscles of the upper extremities. Surgical reconstruction can restore motor and/or sensory function following nerve injuries. Direct nerve-to-nerve transfers can provide a closer nerve source to the target muscle, thereby enhancing the quality and rate of recovery. Restoration of elbow flexion is ...

In obstetric brachial plexus lesions with avulsion injury, nerve grafting for biceps muscle re-innervation may not be possible owing to the unavailability of a proximal stump. In such cases, the intercostal nerves or medial pectoral nerve can serve as donor nerves in an end-to-end transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve. The present study reports the results of both techniques from a single inst...

1. Merrell GA, Barrie KA, Katz DL, Wolfe SW. Results of nerve transfer techniques for restoration of shoulder and elbow function in the context of a meta-analysis of the English literature. J Hand Surg Am. 2001;26(2):303–14. 2. Nagano A. Intercostal nerve transfer for elbow flexion. Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg. 2001;5(3):136–40. 3. Xiao C, Lao J, Wang T, Zhao X, Liu J, Gu Y. Intercostal nerve tran...

In the treatment of brachial plexus injury, nerves that are functionally less important are transferred onto the distal ends of damaged crucial nerves to help recover neuromuscular function in the target region. For example, intercostal nerves are transferred onto axillary nerves, and accessory nerves are transferred onto suprascapular nerves, the phrenic nerve is transferred onto the musculocu...