Translation of homogeneous catalysis into heterogeneous catalysis is a promising solution to green and sustainable development in chemical industry. For this purpose, noble metal nanoparticles represent a new frontier in catalytic transformations. Many challenges remain for researchers to transform noble metal nanoparticles of heterogeneous catalytic active sites into ionic species of homogeneo...

The review article shows the evolutionary path that turnover frequency (TOF) and number (TON) have passed from “Boreskov`s Rule” to their modern definitions. From equation catalysis rate, second method for calculating TOF is obtained using characteristics of catalyst material. Was prooved possibility obtaining in two ways - process reagents. equivalence methods calculation proved. It turned out...