ActRIIB (activin receptor type-2B) is an activin receptor subtype constitutively expressed in the whole body, playing a role in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism. For its various physiological activities, ActRIIB interacts with activin and multiple other ligands including myostatin (MSTN), growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), and bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9). N...

The study aimed to determine the MSTN gene variation in 90 donkeys reared Thrace region of Turkey. Myostatin (MSTN), also named GDF-8 (growth differentiation factor 8) is a part transforming growth β (TGF-β) superfamily and it has negative regulator role on muscle mass, development mammalian species. regulates skeletal way significant homeostasis muscles. Also, fibers balance protein been promo...

Myostatin (MSTN) is a secreted growth inhibitor expressed in muscle and adipose. We sought to determine whether expression of MSTN, its receptor activin RIIb (ActRIIb), or its binding protein follistatin-like-3 (FSTL3) are altered in subcutaneous or visceral adipose or in skeletal muscle in response to obesity. MSTN and ActRIIb mRNA levels were low in subcutaneous (SQF) and visceral fat (VF) fr...

The objective of this study was to evaluate myostatin (MSTN) gene by polymerase chain reaction -restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing methods in four goat breeds including Mohabadi, Markhoz, Lori and Bital breeds. A573 bp fragment of MSTN gene was amplified by PCR. A new 5 bp deletion in 5`UTR (206TTTTA) of the MSTN gene was directly identified by sequencing. The AA...

Myostatin (MSTN), a member of the transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b) superfamily, is a potent negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth in mammalian species (Lee 2004). Recent studies have also indicated that fish MSTN negatively regulates muscle growth in fish (Xu, Wu, Zohar & Du 2003; Amali, Lin, Chen, Wang, Gong, Lee, Ko, Lu, Her, Chen & Wu 2004; Acosta, Carpio, Borroto, Gonzalez & Estr...

Myogenin gene (MYoG) affects the synthesis of muscle myofibrillar growth and increase of meat production. The myostatin (MSTN) gene is identified as a specific negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. Reduction of the expression level of MSTN throughmutation in the sequence of this gene leads to an increase of myogenesis and regeneration of muscle cells during the postnatal growing period ...

In Iraq generally and Kurdistan region specifically, goats are an important resource for meat milk production. It is well known that Myostatin genes (MSTN) have the essential role in growth development due to its crucial involvement muscle growth. The goal of this research was reveal polymorphism MSTN gene different Capra hircus breeds (native, Shami, Meriz Kamori goat) wild mountain goat (Capr...

In mammals, much evidence has demonstrated the important role of myostatin (MSTN) in regulating muscle mass and identified the transcription factor forkhead box O (FoxO) 1 as a key regulator of its gene expression during atrophy. However, in trout, food deprivation leads to muscle atrophy without an increase of the expression of mstn genes in the muscle. We therefore studied the relationship be...

Growth is a priority trait from the point of view of genetic improvement. Molecular markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been regarded as useful for marker-assisted selection in complex traits as growth. Polymorphisms have been studied in five candidate genes influencing growth in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata): the growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), m...

Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are a valuable tool for gene silencing with applications in both target validation and therapeutics. Many advances have recently been made to improve potency and specificity, and reduce toxicity and immunostimulation. However, siRNA delivery to a variety of tissues remains an obstacle for this technology. To date, siRNA delivery to muscle has only been achieved b...