New methods for the synthesis of 3 beta-(4'-alkyl-, 4'-alkenyl-, and 4'-alkynylphenyl)nortropane-2 beta-carboxylic acid methyl esters 2-4, respectively, were developed. These methods involved coupling of the appropriate organometallic reagents to 3 beta-(4'-iodophenyl)tropane-2 beta-carboxylic acid methyl ester (6a, RTI-55) or to an N-protected derivative of 6a followed by N-demethylation or re...

Unlike most organic compounds, dyes possess colour because they 1) absorb light in the visible spectrum (400–700 nm), 2) have at least one chromophore (colour-bearing group), 3) have a conjugated system, i.e. a structure with alternating double and single bonds, and 4) exhibit resonance of electrons, which is a stabilizing force in organic compounds (Abrahart, 1977). When any one of these featu...

In the title compound, [Cu(2)Cl(2)(NO(3))(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2)O(4))(2)(H(2)O)(2)], which consists of a chloride-bridged Cu(II) dimer, the Cu atom is in a distorted octa-hedral environment defined by two N atoms from the 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid ligand (H(2)bpdca), two bridging chlorido ligands, and two O atoms from an equatorial water mol-ecule and an axial nitrate anion, respectively...

The biosynthesis of carboxylic acids including fatty acids from biomass is central in envisaged biorefinery concepts. The productivities are often, however, low due to product toxicity that hamper whole-cell biocatalyst performance. Here, we have investigated factors that influence the tolerance of Escherichia coli to medium chain carboxylic acid (i.e., n-heptanoic acid)-induced stress. The met...

Determination of the structure of heparin-derived oligosaccharides by (1)H NMR is challenging because resonances for all but the anomeric protons cover less than 2 ppm. By taking advantage of increased dispersion of resonances for the anomeric H(1) protons at low pD and the superior resolution of band-selective, homonuclear-decoupled (BASHD) two-dimensional (1)H NMR, the primary structure of th...

The product,ion of bacterial growth inhibitors derived from acidic vitamins by the substitution of a sulfonic acid group for the carboxyl group of the vitamin is now well known. Thus sulfanilamide, the sulfur analogue of p-aminobenzoic acid (I), pyridine-3-sulfonic acid, the analogue of nicotinic acid (2), and thiopanic acid, the analogue of pantothenic acid (3-5), have been shown to prevent gr...

Reactions of 3-bromo-4-phenylisothiazole-5-carboxamide and 3-bromoisothiazole-5-carboxamide with NaNO2 (4 equiv.), in TFA, at ca. 0 °C gave the carboxylic acid products 99% 95% yields, respectively. The two compounds were fully characterized.