OBJECTIVE To investigate whether hypertrophy in the dog with chronic atrioventricular block (CAVB) alters [Na+]i and Na/K-pump function of ventricular myocytes. METHODS We measured the [Na+]i dependence of the Na/K pump current, I(p). This relation was used as a calibration curve for [Na+]i based on I(p). We measured I(p) at the time of access and extrapolated [Na+] at the pump sites, i.e. su...

Reverse-mode activity of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) has been previously shown to play a prominent role in excitation-contraction coupling in the neonatal rabbit heart, where we have proposed that a restricted subsarcolemmal domain allows a Na(+) current to cause an elevation in the Na(+) concentration sufficiently large to bring Ca(2+) into the myocyte through reverse-mode NCX. In the pre...

BACKGROUND Patients contracting influenza A(H7N9) infection often developed severe disease causing respiratory failure. Neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs) are the primary option for treatment, but information on drug-resistance markers for influenza A(H7N9) is limited. METHODS Four NA variants of A/Taiwan/1/2013(H7N9) virus containing a single substitution (NA-E119V, NA-I222K, NA-I222R, or ...

Two ionophores (monensin and gramicidin) that carry Na+ into 3T3 cells markedly enhance the rate of 86Rb+ uptake. Ouabain prevents both ionophores from increasing 86Rb+ uptake, indicating that the ionophores activate the Na+,K+ pump. Measurements of 86Rb+ uptake and cell Na+ and K+ over a range of monensin concentrations show that the activity of the Na+,K+ pump in 3T3 cells is limited by the s...

The earliest known ionic event during Friend murine erythroleukemic (MEL) cell differentiation along the erythroid pathway is a 45% drop in intracellular sodium concentration ([Na+]i) due to a decrease in Na+ influx (Lannigan, D. A., and Knauf, P. A. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 7322-7324). We have analyzed the mechanism of the decreased Na+ influx. The Na+ influx in uninduced cells was insensiti...

The euryhaline fish Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus is capable of tolerating ambient salinities ranging from 0.3 to 160 PSU, but is incapable of long-term survival in freshwater (<2 mmol l(-1) Na(+)). A population isolated in several freshwater (0.4-1 mmol l(-1) Na(+)) lakes in central Florida is now designated as a subspecies (Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi). We conducted a comparative study of...

Background: Cataracts are the leading diseases that cause blindness. Cataracts can be treated with surgery. Pain, itching, burning, and a foreign body sensation in the eye are common ocular complaints of patients in recovery. In this study, we compared the effect of Ketorolac eye drops and naphazoline antazoline eye drops on reducing complaints of surgery. Methods: This randomized clinical tri...