Opioid analgesics are usually effective in the management of severe chronic pain. However, symptoms of opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OIBD) are common during opioid therapy. Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction is often unsuccessfully managed due to limited effectiveness and numerous adverse effects of traditional laxatives. Newer treatment possibilities directed at the pathomechanism of OIBD co...

The present study, conducted as part of the development of a buprenorphine/naloxone combination product, was designed to evaluate the individual and combined effects of intravenously administered buprenorphine and naloxone. This in-patient trial used a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. Ten opioid-dependent male subjects were stabilized and maintained on morphine, 15 mg given intramusc...

Opioid use disorder is a well-established and growing problem in the United States. It responsible for both psychosocial physical damage to affected individuals with significant mortality rate. Given medical non-medical consequences of this epidemic, it important understand current treatments approaches opioid acute overdose. Naloxone competitive mu-opioid receptor antagonist that used reversal...

A mixture of acetaminophen, diphenhydramine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride is used for the symptomatic treatment of common cold. In this study, a derivative spectrophotometric method based on zero-crossing technique was proposed for simultaneous determination of acetaminophen, diphenhydramine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. Determination of these drugs was perf...

Community-based opioid overdose prevention programs (OOPPs) that include the distribution of naloxone have increased in response to alarmingly high overdose rates in recent years. This systematic review describes the current state of the literature on OOPPs, with particular focus on the effectiveness of these programs. We used systematic search criteria to identify relevant articles, which we a...

1 An assessment of the current role of naloxone in clinical toxicology has been made in a series of three separate epidemiological studies. 2 Through the National Poisons Information Service we found that the role of naloxone in opioid poisoning is often not appreciated by the enquirer and that toxicological screening is often requested before the diagnostic use of naloxone. 3 The recommended d...

Although activated spinal cord glia contribute importantly to neuropathic pain, how nerve injury activates glia remains controversial. It has recently been proposed, on the basis of genetic approaches, that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) may be a key receptor for initiating microglial activation following L5 spinal nerve injury. The present studies extend this idea pharmacologically by showing tha...

Naloxone is a common treatment option for the reversal of an opioid overdose. The law regulating naloxone varies from state to state and therefore so does the drug's availability. The state of Rhode Island has legalized naloxone for over-the-counter use while a number of states allow prescriptions to opioid abusers and family members. The medical community as a whole appears to be divided on th...

OBJECTIVES Unintentional opioid overdose deaths are a public health crisis, and naloxone is the most effective harm reduction tool to curb many of these deaths. There is growing evidence that take-home naloxone can prevent opioid overdose in targeted populations. The goal of this study is to measure the opioid overdose reversal rate with take-home naloxone among participants with a diagnosis of...