Single morphine injections induce a state of acute opioid dependence measured by an increase in naloxone potency to precipitate withdrawal. Repeated morphine exposure (daily/weekly intervals) results in further potentiation of naloxone potency, perhaps due to conditioning mechanisms. The current study tested the hypothesis that previously neutral stimuli could elicit a conditioned potentiation ...

Background: Buprenorphine sublingual tablets are now available in Iran for opioid detoxification in clinics. Aim of the present study was to compare the efficiency of buprenorphine with buprenorphine/naloxone in short-term detoxification in a group of Iranian male opioid-dependent patients. Methods:A double-blind trial was carried out on a gro...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ketamine and midazolam on preventing the development of morphine tolerance and dependence and withdrawal syndrome in mice. In the present study different groups of mice were received morphine (50 mg/kg, s.c.), morphine (50 mg/kg, s.c.) + ketamine (25, 50, 75 mg/kg, i.p.) , morphine (50 mg/kg , s.c.) + midazolam (0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg, i.p.) , mor...

In developmental research, plasma buprenorphine concentrations comparable to a 2 mg buprenorphine-naloxone (BN) sublingual tablet have been achieved with a 0.75 mg dose of BN buccal film, a small, bioerodible polymer film for application to mucosal membranes. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose, four-period crossover study in opioid-dependent subjects with chron...

Aspects of drug withdrawal may become conditioned to previously neutral environmental stimuli via classical conditioning processes. Nevertheless, the significance of conditioned withdrawal effects in motivating drug intake remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the effects of conditioned withdrawal in modulating heroin consumption and brain reward sensitivity in rats. Rats intravenou...

background: the study was performed to investigate the effects of morphine dependency and morphine withdrawal on the reproductive system of adult male rat(wistar).  methods: 32 adult male rat divided into 5 groups. animals in the control group (n=8) received normal saline (1ml/kg) twice daily subcutaneously for 30 consecutive days. animals in dependent group (n=8) received morphine (10mg/ml/kg)...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ketamine and midazolam on preventing the development of morphine tolerance and dependence and withdrawal syndrome in mice. In the present study different groups of mice were received morphine (50 mg/kg, s.c.), morphine (50 mg/kg, s.c.) + ketamine (25, 50, 75 mg/kg, i.p.) , morphine (50 mg/kg , s.c.) + midazolam (0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg, i.p.) , mor...

Objective: Opiate addiction is characterized by compulsive drug use and severe withdrawal symptoms during abstinence. Heantos 4, an herbal pharmacotherapy recently approved for opiate withdrawal treatment in Vietnam, has shown anti-craving properties. The present study is the first preclinical assessment of the effects of Heantos 4 on opiate withdrawal and the rewarding properties of morphine, ...

Acute morphine withdrawal is considered to be the physical manifestation of dependence, emerging when morphine administration is stopped or after the administration of an opiate antagonist, such as naloxone. Gabapentin, which is an antiepileptic, agent, enhances the analgesic effect of morphine in healthy volunteers, but its effect on morphine dependence and withdrawal signs has not determined ...