Espinheira-santa (Monteverdia ilicifolia) is a native plant of Brazil widely used in folk medicine because it has several therapeutic properties. Regarding the pollination biology and seed dispersal this species, there no information available literature. In study, pollinators dispersers M. ilicifolia were observed identified, as well behavior these biological agents during period flowering fru...

I here recall Ryle's analysis of Heterologicality, but broaden the discussion to comparable analyses not only of Heterologicality but also other puzzles about self-reference. Such matters have a crucial bearing on the debate between representational and non-representational theories of mind, as will be explained. 1 [1] The most remarkable thing about the so-called Heterologicality Paradox is th...

abstract information on hyperparasitoid wasps of figitidae family in iran, in comparison to the numerous studies carried out in north america and europe is very rare. so we have studied to determine the diversity of parasitoid wasps of aphids on stone fruit trees during 2009-2010 in khorasan razavi province-iran. several species of hyperparasitoid wasps were collected which among them, alloxyst...

Animal-mediated pollination is required for the reproduction of the majority of angiosperms, and pollinators are therefore essential for ecosystem functioning and the economy. Two major threats to insect pollinators are anthropogenic land-use change and the spread of pathogens, whose effects may interact to impact pollination. Here, we investigated the relative effects on the ecosystem service ...

In primitively eusocial and cooperatively breeding societies, there is substantial individual variation in helping effort that is not accounted for by variation in genetic relatedness. In primitively eusocial wasps, helpers have a significant chance of inheriting breeding positions. Recent models suggest that because helpers with greater expected future fitness have more to lose, they should in...

Two different stages should be considered in the management of bee and wasp stings to the eye. The first is the acute stage of activity of the specific insect venom on the structures the eye. The reaction of the eye to the particular insult is considered here in regard to the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. The second stage is that of the retained intraocular foreign body, the inert...