1. The stimulating efficiencies of some normal primary aliphatic alcohols have been determined for the barnacle, the frog, and Planaria, under conditions which do not involve narcosis or simultaneous stimulation by other agents. 2. Concentrations of the successive alcohols necessary to produce a given stimulatory effect vary according to the following geometrical series: 1: a(-1): a(-2): a(-3):...

ECR Spotlight is a series of interviews with early-career authors from selection papers published in Journal Experimental Biology and aims to promote not only the diversity researchers (ECRs) working experimental biology during our centenary year, but also huge variety animals physiological systems that are essential for ‘comparative’ approach. Anna Cressman an author on ‘ Impacts mechanisms CO...

Investigations of the effect of high pressures of Na (100 to 130 atmospheres) and of Ar (60 to 80 atmospheres) showed that these gases are effective in reversing the phases of an oil in water emulsion. Nitrous oxide did not cause reversal at pressures as high as 53 atmospheres nor did helium as high as 107 atmospheres. We found CO(2) most effective in reversing the emulsions and attributed this...

Nitrogen narcosis is often compared to alcohol intoxication, but no actual studies have been carried out in humans to test the comparability of these effects. If a common mechanism of action is responsible for the behavioral effects of these substances, biological variability of response to alcohol should correlate to that of nitrogen in the same individual. To test this hypothesis, subjective ...

Previous studies performed in the laboratory have shown that nitrogen narcosis induces a decrease in striatal glutamate and dopamine levels. Although we stimulated the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, an important glutamate receptor required for motor and locomotor activity managed by the striatum, and demonstrated that the receptor was effective when exposed to nitrogen at 3MPa, it was no...

Pauling and Miller have independently proposed that the presence of an anesthetic gas in tissue induces a cage-like arrangement of hydrogen-bonded water molecules. The theories recognize that most gas-hydrate crystals would not form at the temperature and pressure that exist during anesthesia and propose that other components of tissue such as protein should have a stabilizing effect. Measureme...