The septal and auricular cartilages have traditionally been considered primary autologous graft materials for rhinoplasty [1-6]. However, the autologous costal cartilage can be useful when a strong strut is required due to contracture from previous surgeries or accidents, when tip projection is required, when the septal and auricular cartilage cannot be used due to a previous surgery, or when a...

Sox9 has essential roles in endochondral bone formation during axial and appendicular skeletogenesis. Sox9 is also expressed in neural crest cells, but its function in neural crest remains largely unknown. Because many craniofacial skeletal elements are derived from cranial neural crest (CNC) cells, we asked whether deletion of Sox9 in CNC cells by using the Cre recombinase/loxP recombination s...

INTRODUCTION Electromechanical reshaping (EMR) involves the application of an electrical current to mechanically deformed cartilage to create sustained tissue shape change. Although EMR may evolve to become an inexpensive and reliable way of producing shape change in cartilage during reconstructive surgery, the precise mechanism of EMR is unknown. We aim to examine the isolated effect of proton...

Cartilage and bone are formed into a remarkable range of shapes and sizes that underlie many anatomical adaptations to different lifestyles in vertebrates. Although the morphological blueprints for individual cartilage and bony structures must somehow be encoded in the genome, we currently know little about the detailed genomic mechanisms that direct precise growth patterns for particular bones...

The distribution oftype II collagen, considered to be characteristic ofcartilaginous tissues, was determined in various specialized cartilages of the mature pig. The tissues examined were: (1) fibrocartilage of the semilunar meniscus of the knee; (2) elastic cartilage of the external ear; (3) hyaline cartilage of (a) the synoviral joint, (b) the thyroid plate of the larynx, and (c) the nasal se...

background handling of upper lateral cartilages (ulcs) is of prime importance in rhinoplasty. this study presents the experiences among 2500 cases of rhinoplasty in the past 10 years for managing of ulcs to minimize unwilling results of the shape and functional problems of the nose. methods all cases of rhinoplasties were done by the same surgeon from 2002 to 2013. management of ulcs changed fr...

Histological and anthropometric studies were made of the hands and face of a 17-week-old (postmenstrual) human fetus that was exposed to warfarin throughout gestation. The fetus had marked nasal hypoplasia and the facial cartilages contained discrete foci of abnormal cartilage. When compared with age-matched control fetuses hand pattern profile analysis showed that the brachydactyly was due to ...