1 Introduction English is a stress-timed language displaying phonological vowel reduction: weak vowels, such as schwa (.ə.(, are part of the phonological form of many words in the language (mother .ˈmʌðə., banana .bəˈnɑːnə.(Furthermore , English allows important weakening processes in function words (prepositions, pronouns, auxiliary verbs and conjunctions), in which peripheral vowels are often...

McW illiam, P . J., W inton , P. J. and Crais, E . R., 1996, Practical Strategies for Family-Centered Early Intervention (San Diego: Singular Publishing Group). Menn, L ., 1976, Evidence for an interactionist discovery theory of child phonology. Papers and Reports on Language Development, 12, 169–177. Stanford University. M iccio , A . W., 1995, Metaphon: factors contributing to treatment outco...

This paper describes two algorithms for analyzing transcribed speech corpora: (1) identification of phonological processes, and (2) phonological queries. The algorithms are implemented in Visual Basic for Applications for Microsoft Excel, thus exploiting Excel’s mass‐calculation capabilities to analyze large corpora quickly. The user interface features a set of editable tables that contain defi...

In this study, the authors compared the phonological accuracy and patterns of sound change of boys with fragile X syndrome, boys with Down syndrome, and typically developing mental-age-matched boys. Participants were 50 boys with fragile X syndrome, ages 3 to 14 years; 32 boys with Down syndrome, ages 4 to 13 years; and 33 typically developing boys, ages 2 to 6 years, who were matched for nonve...

Title of Document: EFFECTS OF COGNITIVE DEMAND ON WORD ENCODING IN ADULTS WHO STUTTER Pei-Tzu Tsai, Doctor of Philosophy, 2011 Directed By: Professor Nan Bernstein Ratner Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences The etiology of persistent stuttering is unknown, but stuttering has been attributed to multiple potential factors, including difficulty in processing language-related information, but...

Research has shown that children with cochlear implants (CI) use the same phonological processes as normally hearing (NH) peers with respect to consonant cluster development. However, the incidence of those phonological processes has not been examined in the literature thus far. Furthermore, a quantified comparison between both groups of children is missing in the literature, as well as studies...

To better understand the influence of grammatical encoding on the retrieval and encoding of phonological word-form information during speech production, we examine how grammatical class constraints influence the activation of phonological neighbors (words phonologically related to the target--e.g., MOON, TWO for target TUNE). Specifically, we compare how neighbors that share a target's grammati...

It is now well-established that there is a causal connection between children's phonological skills and their acquisition of reading and spelling. Here we study low-level auditory processes that may underpin the development of phonological representations in children. Dyslexic and control children were given a battery of phonological tasks, reading and spelling tasks and auditory processing tas...

Linguistic typology studies the range of structures present in human language. The main goal of the field is to discover which sets of possible phenomena are universal, and which are merely frequent. For example, all languages have vowels, while most—but not all—languages have an [u] sound. In this paper we present the first probabilistic treatment of a basic question in phonological typology: ...

The present study addressed the effects of aging on auditory serial-recall performance for natural and synthetic words. Word difficulty, measured in terms of frequency of occurrence and phonological similarity, and rate of presentation were also manipulated in an effort to determine which processes underlying serial-recall performance, if any, were affected by aging. Results indicated that age ...