OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical course, respiratory outcomes and markers of inflammation in preterm infants with moderate respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) assigned from birth to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) or bi-level NCPAP. METHODS A total of 40 infants with a gestational age (GA) of 28-34 weeks (<35 weeks' GA), affected by moderate RDS, were considered eligible a...

Background Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) is one of the main causes of serious complications and death in preterm infants. Both Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (NCPAP) and Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV) are known as the most common treatment strategies for IRDS. The present study intended to compare NCPAP and NIPPV in the treatment of preterm inf...

Clear rhinorrhoea is a common symptom in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), which may worsen with nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment (nCPAP). However, rhinorrhoea can also be the presenting symptom of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, which is due to a communication between the subarachnoid space and the nasal cavity or sinuses. We report another case of a patient with...

Snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) both exhibit multilevel upper airway obstruction. The Importance of evaluating the dynamics of the obstructing upper airway cannot be emphasised enough. Accurate assessment and evaluation of the upper airway could potentially lead to improved surgical and non-surgical treatment outcomes. Most of these patients would have undergone an ambulatory sleep s...

Background: Upper airway side effects are common during nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) treatment and may affect the use of nCPAP. Objectives: It was our aim to evaluate the prevalence of upper airway symptoms in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients before and during nCPAP treatment and to assess the possible association between the symptoms and long-term adherence...

BACKGROUND Apnoea, desaturations and bradycardias are common problems in preterm infants which can be treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). It is unclear whether synchronised NIPPV (SNIPPV) would be even more effective. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of flow-SNIPPV, NIPPV and NCPAP on the rate of desaturat...

BACKGROUND Studies suggest that giving newly born preterm infants sustained lung inflation (SLI) may decrease their need for mechanical ventilation (MV) and improve their respiratory outcomes. METHODS We randomly assigned infants born at 25 weeks 0 days to 28 weeks 6 days of gestation to receive SLI (25 cm H2O for 15 seconds) followed by nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) or nC...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) given with nasal prongs compared with nasal mask reduces the rate of intubation and mechanical ventilation in preterm infants within 72 hours of starting therapy. METHODS Infants <31 weeks' gestation treated with NCPAP were randomly assigned to receive it via either prongs or mask. Randomization was stratified by...

Background Early initiation of appropriate noninvasive respiratory support is utmost important intervention to avoid mechanical ventilation in severe bronchiolitis. Aim This study aims to compare noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) and hot humidified high-flow nasal cannulae (HHHFNC) as modes of respiratory support in infants with severe bronchiolitis. Methods Prospectiv...

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) in premature babies may rarely lead to necrosis of the columella. Subsequent functional and cosmetic impairments require surgical corrections to restore nasal anatomy and architecture. The objective of this report is to document the technique of reconstruction in a baby with columella necrosis due to nCPAP treatment. A 21-month-old baby was refe...