Vascular obstructive causes must be considered in chronic renal failure with no obvious cause. We present the case of a 74-year-old woman with smoldering renal failure who undergoes a renal biopsy that did not undercover a cause. As her symptoms persisted and renal function worsened, her nephrologist proposed magnetic resonance angiography with gadolinium and prophylactic initiation of hemodial...

Hyperthyroidism in Graves’ disease is due to the binding of stimulatory autoantibodies to the TSH receptor (TSHr) on thyroid follicular cells. The stimulation of this G proteincoupled receptor by autoantibodies leads to excessive and uncontrolled production of thyroid hormone. Our understanding of Graves’ disease has increased remarkably after the cloning in 1989 of TSHr (1–3). This achievement...

A supernumerary kidney is defined as a true accessory organ with a collector system, blood circulation and independent encapsulated tissue. In contrast with the horseshoe kidney, this congenital abnormality is extremely rare.1 Kidneydevelopment begins in 2 structures during thefifthweek of gestation: the distal portion of the wolffian duct in which the collector tubules originate, and the renal...

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), first described in 2000 in a 15-patient case series, is an extremely debilitating, multisystemic fibrosing disorder. Since that initial report, more than 300 cases have been recognized, and their histopathologic features have been categorized. Two known associations with NSF are renal dysfunction and exposure to gadolinium (Gd)– containing magnetic resonance...

Introduction Magnetic resonance contrast agents, in particular the gadolinium-based agents, are very safe and lack the nephrotoxicity (when injected intravenously) associated with iodinated contrast media. Minor adverse effects occur infrequently and include nausea, taste perversion, and hives. Whereas these agents cannot be differentiated on the basis of mild adverse effects, they do differ in...

BACKGROUND Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is an incurable, debilitating disease found exclusively in patients with decreased kidney function and comprises a fibrosing disorder of the skin and systemic tissues. The disease is associated with exposure to gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (GBCA) used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Tissue samples from many patients with NSF contain m...

UNLABELLED Many forms of organocomplexed gadolinium (Gd) contrast agents have recently been linked to a debilitating and a potentially fatal skin disease called nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) in patients with renal failure. Free Gd released from these complexes via transmetallation is believed to be the most important trigger for NSF. In this work, nanostructure silica materials that have ...

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently recommended that the label dose of Gadolinium (Gd)based contrast agents (GBCA) not be exceeded. The primary concern for high dose GBCAs application is nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). For the majority of conventional GBCA, the label dose is 0.1 mmol/kg. GBCA use for evaluation of myocardial disease is currently considered off-label use in ...

Renal venogram is often used to diagnose renal vein thrombosis or evaluate renal venous system for kidney transplant patients and donors. The existing MRI technique for renal venogram is delayed Gd enhanced MRA. The contrast enhanced technique has its limitations: 1: the arterial contamination; 2: the potential association between the gadolinium-contrast and the nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (N...

The gadolinium-based contrast agent (GdBCA) Omniscan activates human macrophages through Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and TLR-7 signalling. To explore the mechanisms responsible we compared the ability of linear and macrocyclic GdBCA to induce a type I interferon signature and a proinflammatory/profibrotic phenotype in normal human monocytes in vitro. Expression of genes associated with type I in...