PURPOSE To determine whether measures of stuttering frequency and measures of overall stuttering severity in preschoolers differ when made from audio-only recordings compared with audiovisual recordings. METHOD Four blinded speech-language pathologists who had extensive experience with preschoolers who stutter measured stuttering frequency and rated overall severity from audio-only and audiov...

PURPOSE To verify the effect of delayed auditory feedback on speech fluency of individuals who stutter with and without central auditory processing disorders. METHODS The participants were twenty individuals with stuttering from 7 to 17 years old and were divided into two groups: Stuttering Group with Auditory Processing Disorders (SGAPD): 10 individuals with central auditory processing disor...

PURPOSE This study investigated the hypothesis that breastfeeding in infancy might protect against persistent stuttering in children. METHOD We collected new data from the mothers of current and past participants in the Illinois Stuttering Research Program on their children's feeding history during infancy. We obtained 47 usable responses, for 17 children with persistent stuttering and 30 chi...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) and stuttering. We investigated the seropositivity rate for anti-T. gondii IgG and antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in stuttering children to ascertain a possible relationship between T. gondii infection and stuttering. We selected 65 stuttering chi...

BACKGROUND Those who stutter have a proclivity to social anxiety. Yet, to date, there is no comprehensive measure of thoughts and beliefs about stuttering that represent the cognitions associated with that anxiety. AIMS The present paper describes the development of a measure to assess unhelpful thoughts and beliefs about stuttering. METHODS & PROCEDURES The Unhelpful Thoughts and Beliefs a...

This article presents broad preliminary findings from a longitudinal study of stuttering pertaining to differentiation of developmental paths of childhood stuttering, as well as possible early prediction of High Risk, Low Risk, and No Risk for chronic stuttering. More than 100 preschool children who stutter have been closely followed for several years from near the onset of stuttering using a m...

The paper presents the Orator computer system – it is a system for detection and therapy of stuttering. The system comes out to the need of stuttering people. It consists of three modules: stuttering detection, stuttering therapy and automatic control of therapy process. The main idea of the system is based on the useful device – DAF (Delayed Auditory Feedback). The method drawn from DAF is imp...

Introduction: “Stuttering” is a speaking disorder where the flow of speech blocked by an involuntary audible or inaudible pause, repetition and prolongation, causing; anxiety, depression, embarrassment for person. This study aimed to explore lived experiences stutterer nurses caring patients at clinical site. Method: Qualitative descriptive phenomenology design was used recruit Nine Stutter Nur...

background: drooping of the upper eyelid (blepharoptosis or ptosis) is not an uncommon ocular problem. the causes of ptosis could be myogenic, aponeurotic, mechanical or traumatic. detailed assessments of the cause, degree of ptosis and levator functions help determine the most appropriate management and treatment. this study was carried out to investigate the causes and presentations of ptosis...