Speech delay with an unknown cause is a problem among children. This diagnosis is the last differential diagnosis after observing normal findings in routine hearing tests. The present study was undertaken to determine whether auditory brainstem responses to click stimuli are different between normally developing children and children suffering from delayed speech with unknown causes. In this cr...

Two sisters aged 12 and 13 applied to our hospital with complaints of jerking tonic contraction triggered by sudden noise. Diffuse bilaterally polyspike-wave discharges appeared on waking electroencephalography and during that time a startle-induced tonic contraction was seen. Their neurological examinations and neuro-radiological imaging were normal except for hyperreflexia. We presented these...

We report a retrospective study to determine the cost-effectiveness of cranial computed tomography in patients with headache without neurological finding. Five hundred ninety-two neurologically normal patients were examined between 1990 and 1993 for the complaint of headache. Examination results were reevaluated from written report and image archive systems. Results were divided into three grou...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to review existing literature on the subject and to report on and discuss a case of Marcus Gunn Phenomenon. DESCRIPTION A five year-old female, otherwise a healthy patient, while still a few months old, was seen by a pediatrician who detected a disorder of the right eye, initially believed to be strabismus, at a follow-up childcare consultation. Several opht...

CONTEXT Individuals with vestibular dysfunction are at increased risk for falling. In addition, vestibular dysfunction is associated with chronic pain, which could present a serious public health concern as approximately 43% of US adults have chronic pain. OBJECTIVE To assess the incidence of vestibular dysfunction in patients receiving medication for chronic, noncancer pain or other underlyi...

The mental status examination includes general observations made during the clinical encounter, as well as specific testing based on the needs of the patient and physician. Multiple cognitive functions may be tested, including attention, executive functioning, gnosia, language, memory, orientation, praxis, prosody, thought content, thought processes, and visuospatial proficiency. Proprietary an...

The sacrum bone is an integral part of the spinal column and pelvic ring. The lumbosacral neurologic function is protected by the sacrum and it maintains spinal column and pelvic alignment. For these reason, injuries to the sacrum may result in deformity, chronic pain and loss of lower extremity, bowel, bladder and sexual function. Therefore, the treatment of sacral fractures requires optimizin...

Paraganglioma of the cauda equina is rare, and diagnosis is difficult. A 47-year-old woman presented with backache, with a 2-year history of pain radiating in her right lower extremity. Initial neurologic examination revealed mild hypaesthesia in the L4 dermatome on both sides. Spine MRI showed a well-delinated intradural extramedullary mass compressing the spinal cord. It extended from L2 to L...

Discrepancies in Recorded Results from Duplicate Neurological History and Examination in Patients Studied for Prognosis in Cerebrovascular Disease • Histories were taken and neurological examinations performed according to a carefully standardized protocol by two neurologists on 28 patients with histories of probable transient cerebrovascular insufficiency. Duplicate examinations were performed...

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE Gangliogliomas are intra-axial, avascular masses located predominantly in the temporal lobe. A ganglioglioma that mimics a meningioma in that it is extra-axial and has a significant extracranial vascular supply has not been reported previously. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 12-year-old girl presented with a right temporoparietal mass. A neurological examination revealed not...