Dose-response relations for atracurium, vecuronium and pancuronium were determined in patients in end-stage renal failure for the initial neuromuscular blockade (using three cumulative doses) and for the maintenance of stable 90% response (during continuous infusion). All measurements were during renal transplant surgery, and the interaction of azathioprine on neuromuscular blockade was estimat...

UNLABELLED We investigated the influence of the timing of neostigmine administration on recovery from rocuronium or vecuronium neuromuscular blockade. Eighty adults and 80 children were randomized to receive 0.45 mg/kg rocuronium or 0.075 mg/kg vecuronium during propofol/fentanyl/N2O anesthesia. Neuromuscular blockade was monitored by train-of-four (TOF) stimulation and adductor pollicis electr...

Dose-response relationships for the antagonism of intermediate-acting neuromuscular blocking agents have not been evaluated previously in children. We have examined the dose-response relationships for neostigmine antagonism of 90% rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block in children and adults, during nitrous oxide-1 MAC of isoflurane anaesthesia. We studied 40 children, aged 2-10 yr, and 50 adul...

Sugammadex, a modified gamma-cyclodextrin, has changed clinical practice of neuromuscular reversal dramatically. With the introduction of this selective relaxant binding agent, rapid and reliable neuromuscular reversal from any depth of block became possible. Sugammadex can reverse neuromuscular blockade without the muscarinic side effects typically associated with the administration of acetylc...

The effects of suxamethonium and tubocurarine on the refractoriness of neuromuscular transmission were studied in 21 anaesthetized adult subjects under various levels of neuromuscular block. The ulnar nerve was stimulated every 12 s with twin supramaximal stimuli 4 ms apart. At any level of block, the refractory fraction (the fractional decrement of the compound electromyographic response of th...

Major proportion of intracellular calcium (Ca 2+ ) is achieved through opening of calcium channels present in the plasma membrane which play an important role in regulating neuromuscular coordination and release of neurotransmitters from nerve terminals. Blockade of these calcium channels adversely affect contractile process and release of neurotransmitters in majority of the neuromuscular prep...

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BACKGROUND An unanticipated difficult airway during induction of anesthesia can be a vexing problem. In the setting of can't intubate, can't ventilate (CICV), rapid recovery of spontaneous ventilation is a reasonable goal. The urgency of restoring ventilation is a function of how quickly a patient's hemoglobin oxygen saturation decreases versus how much time is required for the effects of induc...